Abel test

Abel-priifer, m. Abel tester, -test, m. Abel test. Abend, m. evening, night, -brot, essen, n. supper, land, n. western country. West, Occident. 

The resulting compound was an expl, very volatile and very unstable (2 minutes in the 82.2° Abel test, compared with 10—15 minutes for NG). The impact sensitivity (BurMines, 2kg weight) was 100cm+. Because of its poor stability, it was not recommended for use as a military expl... 

It is a powerful expl, as sensitive to impact as NG (BurMines drop test with 2kg wt, 4cm). Its Abel Test stability is about 20 minutes at 82°. MTN alone does not gelatinize NC unless the temp is raised to 110°, which would be dangerous, but if mixed with only 8% of the triacetate, it gelatinizes the NC at 80° Physical and chemical properties of MTN, detd primarily at Picatinny Arsenal, are as follows ... 

It is an expl, less powerful, brisant and sensitive than TNT. Its thermal stability is satisfactory (Abel Test at 65.5°, 60 minutes German Test at 135°, 120 minutes). Parazol does not ignite at temps as high as 340°. When hand packed, it compresses a Pb block 27% vs 39% for TNT... 

Wahrend der Abel-Test als Kontrolle bei der Herstellung von Nitrocellulose, Nitroglycerin und Nitroglykol auch heute noch Verwendung findet, wird er zur Stabilitatsprufung von Treibstoffen kaum noch an-gewendet. 

Heat Tests. A list of various tests and refs is given in Vol I, p XV. Abel Test is briefly described in Vol 1, p A2... 

KI-Teat Test or Kl-Starch Test. Same as Abel Test... 

The Italian Army Specification Requirements as of 1951 were as follows Titolo d azoto (N content) 18.36% Reazione (Reaction) neutral to phenolphthalein and Stability al saggio Abel a 80°C (Stability by Abel Test at 80°C), 14 minutes (Ref 28, p 338)... 

Ger technical MtrT was a heavy oil, practically in sol in w, with N=16.00 to 16.32%, sp gr 1.460 at 20°, stability by Abel Test at 82°— 20 mins, decompn temp ca 182°, impact sensitivity with 2kg hammer 4cm, calorific value 1270kcal/kg (water in liq phase) and volatility less thamfor NG. It was used in some smokeless proplnts and as a replacement for NG... 

Stability by Abel Test at 72. NGc colors KI paper quickly. However, this should be at-tributed to the. relatively high evaporation rate and slight dissociation of the vapors, and does not represent a low chemical stabiliry (Ref 7, p 226)... 

UV) A.G. Gorst, Porokha i Vzryvchatyiye Veshchestva (Propellants and Explosive Substances), 3rd ed, IzdatMashinostroyeniye, Moscow (1972). Chapter II. Stability and Methods of Its Determination, which include Abel Test (pp 32—3) , Vieille s Test (33) ... 

Stability at 100° by Abel Test — 8 mins No info at our disposal about uses of Fivolite... 

Conduct the test in the same manner as called for by the Abel Test with the exception that a temp of 82.2 1° is maintained. The test is described in Specification JAN-N-246B. Minimum requirement is 10 mins as Test 4.3.4, entitled "Determination of Stability of NG , which follows the Test 4.3.3.3, "Procedure with Nitrometer ... 

International Test at 75°C. This test, recommended by the International Commission which repotted to the 8th International Congress of Applied Chemistry, 1912, on "Methods for Testing the Stability of Explosives" is conducted as a supplement to the Abel Test. The test is described in Vol 1 of Encycl (Ref 9, p XVIII) and in Ref 1, pl2... 

Epreuve d Abel ou Epreuve anglaise. Abel Test or English Test. See Vol 1 of Encycl, p A2-L... 

NAC with N ca 11.5% has been used in Italy as an ingredient of DEGDN propellants (polveri al nitroglicol). Following are Ital military specification requirements (Ref 7) nitrogen content 11.20-11.70%, fineness <90, acetyl content > 1.50,% ash < 1%, lime calcd as CaO 5L 0.30%, stability by 80° Abel test > 25 by 135° Ger test 50 min and by 131° Bergmann-Junk test < 1.75 cc of NO... 

Kost Value or Brisance Value of Kost will be discussed in Vol II, under Brisance Value of Knst Kl-Heat Tests or Kl-Starch Tests, See Abel Test, p A2 of this volume... 

Heat test (Abel test). The oldest and the most popular qualitative test is the heat test introduced in Great Britain by Abel in 1865 [86]. It is called the Abel test on the Continent of Europe and the KI starch test in the U.S.A. It consists in warming a sample of nitroglycerine or nitrocellulose (or dynamite or smokeless powder) in a test tube in which a potassium iodide-starch paper moistened with aqueous glycerol solution is suspended (Fig. 1). Warming is carried out until the... 

In this connection special attention should be paid to the control of nitroglycerine purity by means of the heat test (also called Abel test) which was described earlier (p. 23). 

In the U.S.A. and some other countries an examination of the acidity of nitroglycerine by means of litmus paper is obligatory as well in addition to the Abel test. 

Nitrated Chitin or Chi tin Nitrate, [C6H702-(0N02)2.NH.C0.CH3] n mw (293.19)n, N l4.33%(found 7.5% nitrate N) wh fibrous flakes, ignites ca 163° burns vigorously thermally stable by Abel Test insol in most solvs partially sol in formic acid(from which it is repptd by w) sol in coned H2S04 or HCl(from which it is not repptd by w) various org solvs such as benz, tetralin, aniline, nitrobenz, phenol, pyridine furfural cause it to swell it is completely denitrated by NaSH in 3 hrs at 16°(Ref 3)... 

The Abel test is still used in quality control of commercial nitrocellulose, nitroclycerine and nitroglycol, but is currently no longer employed in stability testing of propellants. 

Methods in which the escaping nitrous gases can be recognized visually or by noting the color change of a strip of dyed filter paper. The former methods include the qualitative tests at 132, 100, 75, and 65.5 °C (270, 212, 167, and 150 °F). These tests include the U.S. supervision test, the methyl violet test, the Abel test, and the Vieille test. 

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