Glycans glycomics

Fig. 1 Glycan array analysis of codakine as measured by fluorescence intensity (glycan array v3.0 at Consortium for Functional Glycomics). Purified codakine from white clams was purified with Alexa Fluor 488 Protein Labeling Kit (Molecular Probes , Invitrogen) and tested on glycan array v3.0 at Consortium for Functional Glycomics.

C. R. Bertozzi Chemistry in living systems a new tool for probing the glycomes Y. Ito Synthesis and functional envelopes of glycoprotein glycan chains... 

Proteomics and Glycomics Glycan Expression is Not Template-Driven 220... 

Fig. 15. Differentiation of mouse P19C6 cells to neural cells, and N-glycan changes as monitored by the glycoblotting method. Undifferentiated cells were stimulated by retinoic acid, and the cells were subjected to the glycoblotting protocol optimized for cellular glycomics. It was demonstrated that the expression level of various bisecting-type N-glycans increased drastically during cell differentiation to neural cells.91 Three glycoforms circled by red lines are known to exist in the mouse brain system.92 93 (This figure was made by the author.)...

Y. Kita, Y. Miura, J.-i. Furukawa, M. Nakano, Y. Shinohara, M. Ohno, A. Takimoto, and S.-I. Nishimura, Quantitative glycomics of human whole serum glycoproteins based on the standardized protocol for liberating IV-glycans, Mol. Cell. Proteomics, 6 (2007) 1437-1445. 

Total complement of glycans (type of carbohydrate molecule) in an organism (glycome). 

One method that has been used to acquire carbohydrates is isolation and purification from natural sources such as human or animal tissue, milk, urine, plants, and bacteria (see cross reference Isolation of glycans). Access to homogeneous carbohydrate stmctures can be challenging due to the difficulties in separation of complex mixtures, identification of carbohy-drate(s) contained within each fraction, and preparation of sufficient quantities from the limited amounts present in a particular sample. Alternatively, mixtures of unknown composition can be used to survey a broad repertoire of the glycome. On identification of a mixture containing one or more members with interesting receptor-binding properties, the mixture can then be deconvoluted by further fractionation and separation by routine analytical techniques (13). 

Xia B, Kawar ZS, Ju T, Alvarez RA, Sachdev GP, Cummings RD. Versatile fluorescent derivatization of glycans for glycomic analysis. Nat. Methods 2005 2 845-850. 

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