Glucosides anise

Some herbs and spices are comparatively rich in various HBAs. After hydrolysis, protocatechuic acid is die dominant HBA in cinnamon bark (23-27 mg/kg), accompanied by salicylic acid (7 mg/kg) and syringic acid (8 mg/kg). Gallic acid dominates in clove buds (175 mg/kg) and is accompanied by protocatechuic acid (10 mg/kg), genistic acid/4-HBA (7 mg/kg) and syringic acid (8 mg/kg) [4]. The fruit of anise (Pimpinella anisum) contains 730-1080 mg/kg of the glucoside of 4-HBA [3]. 

From the polar portion of the methanolic extract of the fruit of anise (P. anisum L.), Fujimatu et al. (2003) isolated aromatic compound glucosides and an alkyl glucoside. 

From anise seeds, a phenolic glucoside, namely 4-(/3-D-glucopyranosyloxy) benzoic acid, was isolated by Dirks and Herrmann (1984). This compound is widely distributed among the Apiaceae and is also present in star anise (Illiciaceae). 

Fujimatu, E., Ishikawa, T. and Kitajima, J. (2003) Aromatic compound glucosides, alkyl glucoside and glucide from the fruit of anise. Phytochemistry 63(5), 609-616. 

Ishikawa, T., Fujimatu, E. and Kitajima, J. (2002) Water-soluble constituents of anise new glucosides of anethole glycol and its related compounds. Chemical and Pharmacological Bulletin 50(11), 1460-1466. 

Aromatic cytokinins are found in poplar,379-381 anise,382 tomato,383 Cocos nucifera m and Arabidopsis,381 In addition to BA, aromatic cytokinins are found as ortho-topolins, wc/ -topolins, hydroxylated BAs, ortho-meth-oxytopolins, and rwfto-methoxytopolins (Figure 1 1).380,381 Other derivatives have been isolated as N3-, N7-, and /VP-glucosides and A P-alanine on the adenine ring,385 and nucleosides and a glucoside linked to the ribosyl moiety.386 In spite of the several reports of their occurrence, it is not clear whether the aromatic species are common in plants. 

Chinese star anise contains about 5% volatile oil (ca. 10% in follicles and 2.5% in seeds) (nanjing), phenylpropanoid glucosides, lig-nans, catechins and proanthocyanidins, among others. 

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