Glucose sensor, chemical reactions

Several biosensors are commercially available. One of the most useful is the glucose sensor. The standard sensor determines glucose concentration based on the glucose oxidase enzyme. The chemical reaction for oxidation of glucose is ... 

Figure 4. Chemical reactions involved in electrochemical glucose sensor.

Typical analysis of blood and urine is based upon chemical reactions, one per chemical species (or analyte ) of interest. Low-accuracy, single-analyte tests such as for blood glucose can be performed using at-home kits comprehensive blood tests at hospitals are performed using dedicated analyzers that suck in a sample and pump portions of it to various sensor modules. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the possibility of using Raman spectroscopy to replace conventional present tests in certain circumstances. 

Although not an ion, glucose can be detected by virtue of an MIP-derived ion. The pH electrode is simply an ISE for H". Glass and ion-selective field effect transistors pH electrodes are the best characterised and the most successful ISEs. Many sensors employ chemical reactions to produce H" or OH ions and employ pH electrodes for signal transduction. An imprinted sensor based on this approach is the glucose sensor produced by Arnold s group [10]. This polymer employs a metal ion (Cu " ) in the imprinted site and makes use of the metal s... 

Figure 1 illustrates the various layers and chemical reactions associated with the sensor developed in our laboratories. We chose to mass-produce this type of sensor by developing a fabrication scheme that utilized thin/thick film cleanroom processing techniques similar to those used in the integrated circuit industty. The sensors were fabricated in batches of 112, although this number can be easily increased and the process automated. This approach was intended to address the problem responsible for the absence of an implantable glucose sensor from the market, namely the inability to mass-produce a reliable, reproducible, and economical disposable sensor. 

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