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Glucose intestinal bacteria

Lactose is hydrolyzed to glucose and galactose in the intestine by the enzyme lactase. People who are lactose-intolerant lack this enzyme. In these people, lactose advances in the digestive tract to the large intestine, where it is fermented by intestinal bacteria to produce large amounts of carbon dioxide and organic acids. Today, people with lactose intolerance can purchase milk in which the lactose has already been hydrolyzed, or can buy lactase supplements. [Pg.15]

A considerable amount of biotin is synthesized by human intestinal bacteria, as evidenced by the fact that 3 to 6 times more biotin is excreted in the urine and feces than is ingested. But synthesis in the gut may occur too late in the intestinal passage to be absorbed well and play much of a direct role as a biotin source. Also, several variables affect the microbial synthesis in the intestines, including the carbohydrate source of the diet (starch, glucose, sucrose, etc.), the presence of other B vitamins, and the presence or absence of antimicrobial drugs and antibiotics. [Pg.112]

When sorbitol is administered intravenously, it is converted to fructose rather than to glucose. It is poorly absorbed in the small intestine, and much is fermented by colonic bacteria to short-chain fatty acids, CO2, and Hj, leading to abdominal pain and diarrhea (sorbitol intolerance). [Pg.172]

Classic beri-beri, rarely seen in the United States and Europe, except in alcoholism (P4), is endemic in the Far East because of the prevalent diet of decorticated rice (F6). It occurs in two forms wet beri-beri, characterized by edema and cardiovascular symptoms (G6), and dry beri-beri with peripheral neuritis, paralysis, and atrophy of the muscles. Conditions which may predispose to deficiency by increasing thiamine requirements are pregnancy (see section 2.4), and lactation, hyperthyroidism, malignant disease, febrile conditions, increased muscular activity, high carbohydrate diets, and parenteral administration of glucose solutions. A constant supply of thiamine is required for optimal nutrition because storage in the liver and elsewhere is limited. Thiamine is synthesized by bacteria in the intestinal tract of various animals, but this is not a dependable source for man. [Pg.192]

Osmotic laxative effects are also produced by the polyhydric alcohols, mannitol and sorbitol, which unlike glucose cannot be transported through the intestinal mucosa, as well as by the non-hydrolyzable disaccharide, lactubse. Fermentation of lactulose by colon bacteria results in acidification of bowel contents and microfloral damage. Lactulose is used in hepatic failure in order to prevent bacterial production of ammonia and its subsequent absorption (absorbable NH3 nonabsorbable NH4+), so as to forestall hepatic coma. [Pg.170]

Bifidobacterium Fermentation. A unique form of lactic fermentation has been observed in members of the genus Bifidobacterium. These anaerobic bacteria are commonly found in the intestinal tract and feces of human infants and adults, as well as many animal species. Most Bifidobacterium spp. can acidify milk, and they produce acetic and lactic acids in an approximate 3 2 molar ratio when growing on glucose (Buchanan and Gibbons 1974). The Bifidobacterium fermentation (Fig-... [Pg.670]

As recently as 1980 it was estimated that there were 100 million cases of acute diarrhea in Asia, Africa, and Latin America 3 in 1991 there were four million deaths among children under five years of age.b The causative agents are bacteria and one of the most dangerous is Vibrio cholerae, which multiplies in the small intestine and secretes an exotoxin. Cholera toxin causes such a rapid loss of fluid and salts from the body that death occurs very quickly, even in adults. There is little cellular damage and almost all deaths can be prevented by intravenous administration of water, salts, and the antibiotic tetracycline. Fluids can also be given orally if glucose, which promotes intestinal absorption, is included with the Na+, K+, Cl, and HC03 salts.b... [Pg.546]

Acarbose is an inhibitor of a-glucosidase (localized in the brush border of intestinal epithelium), which liberates glucose from disaccharides. It retards breakdown of carbohydrates, and hence absorption of glucose. Owing to increased fermentation of carbohydrates by gut bacteria, flatulence and diarrhea may develop. Miglitol has a similar effect but is absorbed from the intestine. [Pg.264]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.31 , Pg.174 , Pg.179 , Pg.182 , Pg.188 ]




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