Glucose dietary sources

While the dog is a carnivore, it is able to adapt to an omnivorous diet. Requirements for dietary sources of energy, amino acids, glucose precursors, fatty acids, minerals, vitamins, and water have been established based on recommendations by the National Research Council (NRC, 1985). Adult beagles maintained in a laboratory environment function well with one feeding of standard laboratory chow per day. In safety assessment testing, however, some compounds may induce serious dietary deficiencies through induced loss of appetite, malabsorption, or vomiting, and, in these cases, it may be advisable to provide a dietary supplement. 

Structural components of lactose Lactose is a disaccharide that consists of galactose and glucose. Milk and other dairy products are the dietary sources of lactose. 

Most mammalian cells have the capacity to synthesize fatty acids from glucose de novo in a pathway that uses products from glycolysis and two key cytosolic enzymes, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase (Chapter 6). This pathway generates long-chain SFA, mainly palmitate (16 0). The de novo synthesized palmitate and the palmitate derived from dietary sources are transported to the ER membranes. In the membranes, two major fatty acid enzymatic modifications of chain elongation and desaturation occur to yield longer chain SFA and unsaturated fatty acids of the n - 9 series. The n - 3 and n - 6 series of PUFA can be synthesized only from dietary fats, as animal cells do not have the... 

X Although the lactose in dairy prod-ucts is a major source of galactose, the ingestion of lactose is not required for lactation. UDP-galactose in the mammary gland is derived principally from the epimerization of glucose. Dairy products are, however, a major dietary source of Ca +, so breastfeeding mothers need increased Ca + from another source. 

Fructose-1-phosphate is produced from fructose metabolism. The major dietary source of fructose, the ingestion of which would lead to increased fructose 1-phosphate levels, is sucrose. Sucrose is a disaccharide of glucose and fructose. Thus, an elevation of fructose 1-phosphate usually indicates an elevation of glucose levels as well. 

A monosaccharide obtained from dietary sources, either as the free sugar or as a part of the sucrose molecule. It is normally metabolized by the liver and kidney to glucose. Two inborn errors of fructose metabolism have been described ... 

This monosaccharide can be both synthesized by the body and derived from dietary sources (especially from the disaccharide, lactose, where it constitutes one of the monosaccharide components). It is metabolized by the liver to glucose and glycogen. A failure to metabolize galactose occurs in the inborn error ol metabolism, galactosaemia. 

As always, the prime purpose of the metabolic machinery of the body is to maintain an adequate energy supply to carry on life processes. The major energy source for cells of the body is the carbohydrate, glucose. Without a dietary source... 

Give examples of dietary sources of each of the following common sugars glucose, fructose, sucrose, and lactose. 

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