Glucose determination disorders

There are also RMs which are prepared for a specific application and are used for validation of relevant methods. Cobbaert et al. (1999) made use of Ion Selective Electrode (ISE)-protein-based materials when evaluating a procedure which used an electrode with an enzyme-linked biosensor to determine glucose and lactate in blood. Chance et al. (1999) are involved with the diagnosis of inherited disorders in newborn children and they prepared a series of reference materials consisting of blood spotted onto filter paper and dried, from which amino-acids can be eluted and... 

The determination of blood glucose levels is an indispensable test for the exact diagnosis and therapy of many disorders, the most common of which is diabetes mellitus a condition that is estimated to affect over 170 milhon people worldwide, with prevalence rising rapidly [9]. 

Determination of plasma and urine osmolality can be useful in the assessment of electrolyte and acid-base disorders. Comparison of plasma and urine osmolalities can determine the appropriateness and status of water regulation by the kidneys in settings of severe electrolyte disturbances, as might occur in diabetes insipidus or the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) (see Chapters 45 and 50). The major osmotic substances in normal plasma are Ha, Cr, glucose, and urea thus expected plasma osmolality can be calculated from the following empirical equation ... 

Since blood serves as the primary metabolic transport system between the body organs, its composition is the preferred indicator with regard to the pathophysiological condition of the patient. This is the reason why most determinations are concerned with whole blood or biofluids derived from it. Glucose in urine is also an index component of metabolic disorders in patients. Other biological fluids have been considered as an alternative assay for blood glucose. 

Another important clinical application of HPAE-PAD is the determination of 2-deoxy-2-[ F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG), which is the most widely used radiopharmaceutical for positron emission tomography (PET) studies. This approach is used in the diagnosis of a number of diseases and disorders including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and dementia [582,583]. In addition, it is an important tool in neuroscience to enable the study of brain regional activation [584] and in drug research where it is used to evaluate drug biodistribution. FDG is a... 

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