Glucose controlled release

G Albin, TA Horbett, BD Ratner. Glucose-sensitive membranes for controlled release of insulin. In J Kost, ed. Pulsed and Self-Regulated Drug Delivery. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press, 1990, pp 159-185. 

Shiino D, Murata Y, Kubo A et al (1995) Amine containing phenylboronic acid gel for glucose-responsive insulin release under physiological pH. J Control Release 37 269-276... 

Figure 9 Schematic representation of the glucose-controlled insulin release using poly(DMA-EMA-co-EAAm).

Many successful protein products, including antibodies, have been marketed over the years for the treatment of a number of diseases. One of the oldest examples of a protein product is insulin, still one of the most successful drugs after 70-80 years of its discovery. Early insulin preparations, derived from natural sources, are being replaced by recombinant human insulin preparations and new formulations are being marketed that provide a more gradual and continuous release profile and maximise glucose control in diabetic patients. " ... 

Sepharose [9012-36-6] -in glucose delivery systems [CONTROLLED RELEASE TECHNOLOGY - PHARMACEUTICAL] (Vol7)... 

FIGURE 2.1 Changes in blood glucose level versus time profiles in type 1 diabetic rats following multiple oral administration of SS-ILP and subcutaneous insulin (only at the first dosing) (open square), insulin solution (open circles), and subcutaneous administration of insulin solution (closed circles). Insulin solution was used as control (open circles). The dose of insulin was 25 IU/kg (oral) and 0.1 IU/kg (subcutaneous) body weight. Each value represents mean SE (n — 5-10). Statistically significant difference from control p < 0.05 p < 0.01. (From Morishita, M. et al., J. Control. Release, 110, 587, 2006. With permission from Elsevier.)... 

An important interaction between insulin and glucagon may also take place directly within the pancreas, and insulin appears to be the dominant hormone controlling this interaction.29,53 When the beta cells sense an increase in blood glucose, they release insulin, which in turn inhibits glucagon release from the alpha... 

A novel approach to controlled release integrates biosensing and control functions in a single membrane device. As an example, a membrane responds to changes in glucose level in the body by automatically changing its permeability to insulin. The response mechanism is shown... 

An important role of the insulin-glucose control system is therefore to shuffle the ingested nutrients between storing, releasing, and oxidation to smoothen the transitions between eating-fasting and exercise-rest, etc. 

The integration of biosensors with drag delivery systems allows the controlled release of a drag substance in response to the levels of biological modulator. For example, the use of a glucose biosensor may be used to control the release of insulin from an implanted device or perhaps even an iontophoretic delivery device (see Chapter 8). 

Desorption-controlled release of insulin from the insulin-Con A complex. In this approach, each insulin molecule is modified with a glucose molecule... 

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