Glucose, automatic determination

Place tiie test strip in a gluco meter tiiat automatically uses the sample to determine a numerical reading representing the current blood glucose level. 

Schmid et al. used the same principle to develop sensors to be incorporated into FI systems for the determination of ascorbic acid in fruit juices [38] and that of lactic acid in dairy products [39]. The membrane used in both applications consisted of decacyclene dissolved in silicone rubber that was treated similarly as the membrane in glucose sensors (Fig. 3.4.B). The oxygen optrode was coated with a sheet of carbon black as optical insulation in order to protect it from ambient light or intrinsic sample fluorescence. Ascorbic acid oxidase or lactic acid oxidase was immobilized by adsorbing it onto carbon black and cross-linking it with glutaraldehyde. The FI system automatically buffered and diluted the food samples, thereby protecting the biosensor from a low pH and interferents. 

Haeckel, R., Sonntag, O. and Petry, K. (1979). An evaluation of the Kodak Ektachem system for the determination of glucose and urea. J. Automat. Chem. 7,273-281. 

Figure 11.3 depicts the cell used by the automatic potentlometrlc Instrument devised by Malmstadt and Pardue [6] for ths enzymatic determination of glucose based on reaction-rate measurements. The chemistry involved Is... 

If, however, the antigen is covalently bound to the prosthetic group of an enzyme such as glucose oxidase (E.C. 1.1.3.4) and an aliquot of the coupled antigen to flavin - adenine dinucleotide) is added to determine an analyte, free antibodies prevent the reconstitution of the enzyme. The concentration of the free antibody naturally depends on the analyte concentration in the sample. Similar to the EMIT technique, the ARIS is used in automatic analyzer systems in clinical chemistry [28]. 

Eisele, B. and Heinzel, G. (1978) An automatic enzymatic determination of glycogen in a continuous-flow system without interference of free glucose. Anal. Biochem., 84, 594-597. doi 10.1016/0003-2697(78)90081-7... 

Becker, T., W. Schuhmann, R. Betken, H. L. Schmidt, M. Leible, and A. Albrecht. 1993. An automatic dehydrogenase-based flow-injection system Application for the continuous determination of glucose and lactate in mammalian cell-cultures. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 58 183-190. 

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