Gluconobacter species

Figure 17.12 Direct electrocatal3ftic oxidation of D-fnictose at a glassy carbon electrode painted with a paste of Ketjen black particles modified with D-fructose dehydrogenase from a Gluconobacter species. The enzyme incorporates an additional heme center allowing direct electron transfer from the electrode to the flavin active site. Cyclic voltammograms were recorded at a scan rate of 20 mV s and at 25 + 2 °C and pH 5.0. Reproduced by permission of the PCCP Owner Societies, from Kamitaka et al., 2007.

Minteer and co-workers have also exploited the broad substrate specificity of PQQ-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase from Gluconobacter species trapped within Nahon to oxidize either ethanol or glycerol at a fuel cell anode [Arechederra et al., 2007]. Although the alcohol dehydrogenase incorporates a series of heme electron transfer centers, it is unlikely that many enzyme molecules trapped within the mediator-free Nahon polymer are electronically engaged at the electrode. 

The majority of dextrans in nature are produced extracellularly via dextran-sucrase from sucrose by several lactic acid bacteria, principally Leuconostoc and Streptococcus species [13]. Dextran is also synthesised by dextrinase of different Gluconobacter species [56]. Referring to this enzyme, fermentation of maltodextrins leads to a- —4) branched dextrans with comparatively lower Mw. However, dextransucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroid.es NRRL B-512F has attracted most interest because of commercial use. 

The production of vinegar from ethanol, gluconic acid from glucose and many steroids are examples of currently used industrial-scale bioconversions. The production of acetic acid from ethanol is characteristic of Acetobacter or Gluconobacter species. One gram of ethanol theoretically produces 1.304 g acetic acid 34). Aspergillus,... 

Microorganisms. For example, bacitracin and polymyxin are obtained from some Bacillus species streptomycin, tetracyclines, etc. from Streptomyces species gentamicin from Mi-cromonospora purpurea griseofulvin and some penicillins and cephalosporins from certain genera (Penicillium, Acremonium) of the family Aspergillaceae and monobactams from Pseudomonas acidophila and Gluconobacter species. Most antibiotics in current use have been produced from Streptomyces spp. 

Methyl butyric acid 2-Methylbutanol Gluconobacter species ... 

Weenk, G., W. Olijve, and W. Harder. 1984. Ketogluconate formation by Gluconobacter species. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 20 400-405. 

Matsushita K, Toyama H, Yamada M, Adachi O (2002) Quinoproteins structure, function, and biotechnological applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 58 13-22 Matsushita K, Fujii Y, Ano Y, Toyama H, Shinjoh M, Tomiyama N, Miyazaki T, Sugisawa T, Hoshino T, Adachi O (2003) 5-Keto-D-gluconate production is catalyzed by a quinoprotein glycerol dehydrogenase, major polyol dehydrogenase, in Gluconobacter species. Appl Environ Microbiol 69 1959-1966... 

Numerous bacterial species are present during the vinification process. The extent to which these species grow determines the types and concentrations of many substances that contribute to the aroma and flavor of a wine. Growth of bacterial species such as Acetobacter Gluconobacter, Lactobacillus, and Pediococcus may cause spoilage of a wine through the production of... 

Gammon, K. S., Livens, S., Pawlowsky, K., Rawling, S. J., Chandra, S., Middleton, A. M. (2007). Development of real-time PCR methods for the rapid detection of low concentrations of Gluconobacter and Gluconacetobacter species in an electrolyte replacement drink. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 44(3), 262-267. 

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