Globin concentrates

B. Other useful laboratory studies include electrolytes, glucose, BUN, creatinine, ECG, and pregnancy tests. Metabolic acidosis suggests more serious poisoning. With smoke inhalation, obtain blood cyanide level and methemo-globin concentration. 

Figure 7. Plot of reciprocal of the pepsinogen decay constant determined from the data of Figure 5, versus globin concentration. The line drawn is a least squares line calculated from the four lowest globin concentrations.

Fig. 40. Far-UV CD spectra of /Flactamase from Bacillus cereus (A), horse apomyo-globin (B), and horse ferricytochrome c (C) as a function of HC1 concentration. Protein concentrations were 10 fiM. The numbers refer to the HC1 concentration (mM). The spectra of the native state (A), the A state induced by KC1, pH ss 2), (O) and GdmCl-unfolded state (4-5 M GdmCl, 25 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.0) ( ) are shown for comparison. From Goto et al (1990a). 1990, with permission of the authors.

Distribution. Cyanide is rapidly distributed by the blood throughout the body. In a study using orally administered radioactively labelled potassium cyanide, radioactivity detected in whole blood or plasma decreased rapidly within 6 hours. Of the low levels of radioactivity detected in the red blood cells, about 94% of the radioactivity recovered was found in the hemolysate of which 70% was detected in the heme fraction, 14-25% in globin, and only 5-10% in cell membranes (Farooqui and Ahmed 1982). Yamamoto et al. (1982) determined that the pattern of distribution of cyanide did not vary with the concentration used. Ballantyne (1983b) observed higher cyanide levels in whole blood than in serum in rabbits exposed dermally to hydrogen cyanide, potassium cyanide, and sodium cyanide. See Section 2.3.2.1 for specific studies on cyanide tissue distribution. 

Toxicology. In animals, nitroethane is a respiratory irritant and, at high concentrations, it causes narcosis and liver damage methemo-globin has been reported after ingestion by humans. 

A well studied example for control at the level of eIF-2 is the regulation of protein biosynthesis in erythroid cells (review Chen and London, 1995). A decrease in the heme concentration in reticulocytes leads to inhibition of globin synthesis at the level... 

In a further experiment we assayed for the presence of a cap structure on the mRNAs for both Inhibitors I and II by competitive inhibition by 7-methyl-guanosine 5 -monophosphate (m G p) of the in vitro translation of these messengers. Concentrations of 40 pM m G p inhibited by 50% the in vitro translation of total tomato leaf poly(A)" " mRNA (Fig. 7A). This level is 40-fold lower than that required to similarly inhibit rabbit globin mRNA translated in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate (17) and 4-fold lower than that required to inhibit the same mRNA in a wheat germ system (18). It was of interest that the translation of Inhibitor I is inhibited to 50% by 20 pM m G p while 50% inhibition of Inhibitor II requires less than 10 pM (Fig. 7B). The basis of this difference is not understood but... 

Selected naturally occurring flavonoids have been shown to inhibit three reverse transcriptases (RT) (avian myeloblastosis RT, Rous-associated virus-2 RT, and Moloney murine leukemia virus, or MMLV, RT) when poly(rA)oligo(dT) 12-18 or rabbit globin mRNA was used as a template. Amentoflavone, scutellarein, and quercetin were the most active compounds, and their effect was concentration dependent. The enzymes exhibited differential sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of the flavonoids. These flavonoids also inhibited rabbit globin mRNA-directed MMLV RT-catalyzed... 

The toxicity of nitrobenzene consists primarily in the formation of methaemo-globine in the blood. It is also toxic for the nervous system and the liver. At concentrations in air exceeding 5 mg/m3 it is considered dangerous. Poisoning by nitrobenzene may be caused either by its direct contact with the skin or when it is inhaled as vapour. Symptoms of slight poisoning include nausea, headache,... 

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