Global productivity, effect radiation

Although in this chapter we have focused on the potential effects of increased UV-B radiation on the Antarctic marine ecosystem, our results also have bearing on efforts to describe the effects of UV radiation on global marine productivity. However, here again, considerable uncertainties still remain in assessing the effects of ozone depletion on global production. Several authors have predicted a... 

Such large weapons cause the hot fireballs to rise into the stratosphere (NAS, 1975). A several fold increase in the penetration of ultraviolet radiation to the earth s surface would result. This was considered to be the main, long-term, global, atmospheric effect of a total nuclear war. By cursory comparison with the reported effects of major volcanic explosions, the production of dust from nuclear ground bursts was estimated to lead to rather insignificant changes in the earth s climate. 

The global intake values and doses for the natural actinides and some of the decay products are shown in Table 26.1-1. The effective dose, E (Sv) - a quantity defined by ICRP, Publication 60 (ICRP 1991)-is derived from equivalent dose to indicate the combination of different doses to several different tissues in a way which is likely to correlate well with the total of the stochastic effects. The effective dose corresponds to the whole body dose. The world-wide average of the annual effective dose due to external exposure to natural radiation is 0.48 mSv, with the results for individual countries being gen-... 

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