Radiation global

Table 10.43 Intensity of global radiation (sum of direct and scattered radiation) at the earth s surface and its classification (summer, vertical incidence) [409]...

Penner, J. E R. E. Dickinson, and C. A. O Neill, Effects of Biomass Burning Aerosol on Global Radiation Budget, Science, 256, 1432-1434 (1992). 

Chylek, P., and J. Wong, Effect of Absorbing Aerosols on Global Radiation Budget, Geophys. Res. Lett, 22, 929-931 (1995). 

Schult, I., J. Feichter, and W. F. Cooke, Effect of Black Carbon and Sulfate Aerosols on the Global Radiation Budget, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 30107-30117(1997). 

Accelerated weathering is carried out in special weathering devices (e.g., Weath-erometer, Xenotest) which simulate exposure to sunlight and periods of rain. The spectral composition of the light used (Fig. 12) should match the global radiation ... 

Accelerated Tests. Weather resistance in an accelerated test is defined as the resistance of plastics towards changes caused by simulated open-air weathering (simulation of global radiation by means of filtered xenon arc radiation and periodic rain). After the weathering (measured by the product of intensity and duration), defined properties of the test sample are compared with those of an identical unweathered sample. Properties should be considered which are of practical importance, such as color or surface properties. For standards, see Table 1 ( Weathering in apparatus ). Apparatus test chamber, rain and air humidification equipment, air flow equipment, radiation measuring equipment. 

Tooming H. (2002). Dependence of global radiation on cloudiness and surface albedo in Tartu, Estonia. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 72(3-4), 165-172. 

Increasing carbon dioxide concentration and decreasing stratospheric ozone concentration of the atmosphere may alter global radiation fluxes. Presumably a primary result of more carbon dioxide in the air will be warming. While incoming solar radiation is not absorbed... 

The distribution of global radiation depends strongly on atmospheric conditions, e. g. on the attenuation by clouds and fog, etc. Average values can be calcu-... 

Suppose that the global radiation absorbed by the ground below some vegetation averages 100 W m-2. We will assume that the bulk of the vegetation is at 22°C, the top of the soil is at 20°C, and that both emit like ideal blackbodies. 

Each particle exchanges energy due to radiation with its neighbours. To take into account reflection between the particles it is assumed that each particle contributes its radiative loss to a global radiation field. The radiation field is related to the flow model, and the cell each particle is contributing its radiative heat loss to, is determined by the position of the neighbour particles. It is assumed that no radiation due to short ray travelling distances is absorbed in the gas phase between the particles. 

The direct solar radiation and the diffuse sky-radiation are combined under the term global radiation. The global irradiance EG of a horizontal area on the ground is made up of the following parts ... 

With dIR from (5.127), we obtain the following for the irradiance of global radiation on a horizontal area from (5.126)... 

Example 5.8 Calculate the irradiances of the diffuse solar radiation and the global radiation for the case dealt with in Example 5.7. Additional assumptions are uo = 0.90, Fa according to G.D. Robinson [5.43] and te = 0.25. 

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