Glial growth factors

Raff We know that one of the signals is a neuregulin, glial growth factor there are almost certainly others. 

DHAP-AT dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyl transferase GGF glial growth factor... 

Goodearl AD, Davis JB, Mistry K, Minghetti L, Otsu M, et al. 1993. Purification of multiple forms of glial growth factor. J Biol Chem 268 18095-18102. 

Marchionni MA, Goodearl AD, Chen MS, Bermingham-McDonogh O, Kirk C, et al. 1993. Glial growth factors are alternatively spliced erbB2 ligands expressed in the nervous system. Nature 362 312-318. 

This family is more heterogeneous than the other three, with diverse members such as heregulins or neuregulins, glial growth factor (GGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and IL-12. 

Brockes, J. P. and Kintner, C. R. (1986) Glial growth factor and nerve-dependent proliferation in the regeneration blastema of urodele amphibians. Cell 45,301-306. 

Mohanna, P.N., Young, R.C., Wiberg, M., Terenghi, G., 2003. A composite poly-hydroxybutyrate-glial growth factor conduit for long nerve gap repairs. Journal of Anatomy 203 (6), 553—565. 

Shih, A. and Holland, E. 2006. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and glial tumorigenesis. Cancer Letters 232(2), 139-147. 

Trophic factors can also be supplied through less specific mechanisms. Growth factors are synthesized by a wide variety of cell types, including neurons and glial cells. 

Individual neurons and glial cells are responsive to a number of different growth factors. Growth factors play both unique and overlapping roles in the development and sustenance of these cells. Perhaps the most dramatic example of this is the elaborate array of trophic factors that have evolved to support spinal motor neurons. There are presently at least 15 different factors that are known to influence the survival of these cells [4]. 

NT3 is also critical for glial development. There is good evidence that NT3 acts to stimulate the proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells, probably in concert with platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) (see below). 

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