Glazes zinc oxide

Metal oxides such as zinc oxide, strontium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, and barium oxide act as fluxes in glazes and add color to the finished product. 

The largest consumers of ZnO are the rubber and adhesives industries. Zinc oxide is also found in some latex paints, tiles, glazes, and porcelain enamels, and is the most widely used material in the manufacture of varistors. 

Zinc Oxide GradeAZO 77HSA Zinc Oxide GradeAZO 77HSA-T filler, ceramic glazes Sii-Co-Sii 40 Sii-Co-Sii 49 Sii-Co-SII 51 Sii-Co-Sii 52 Sii-Co-Sii 53 Sii-Co-Sii 63 Sii-Co-Sii 75 Sii-Co-Sii 90 Sii-Co-Sii 106 Sii-Co-Sii 125 filler, chlorinated solvent-based systems Claytone TG filler, coatings... 

Figure 13.39 shows a porcelain vessel in which the glaze displays beautiful needlelike crystal formations. The artist carefully formulated a glaze mixture of silica and zinc oxide, in addition to otho- oxides. He then fired the vessel with its glaze, carefully controlling the temperature, until only a few microscopic crystals of zinc oxide remained. These microscopic crystals formed the nuclei on which zinc orthosilicate crystallized. 

In the ceramic industry, zinc oxide is used in the manufacture of glasses, glazes, frits, porcelain enamels and magnetic ferrites. Here, the largest consuming plants are in the tile industry. 

Cadmium fluoride has similar uses to the zinc halide. Cadmium oxide is used in ceramic glazes the sulfate, as a source of other cadmium compounds and in the radio valve industry the sulfide is important as a yellow pigment for artists, and is used in the paint, soap, glass, textile, paper, rubber and pyrotechnics industries. Cadmium sulfide in admixture with other compounds such as the selenide gives rise to other pigments of value. It is also used in phosphors and fluorescent screens and in scintillation counters. Semiconductors such as CdS... 

The use of certain vanadium compounds as catalysts has been increasing. Vanadium oxy trichloride is a catalyst in making ediylene-propylene rubber. Ammonium metavanadate and vanadium pentoxide aie used as oxidation catalysts, particularly in the production of polyamides, such as nylon, in the manufacture of H>S04 by the contact process, in the production of phdialic and maleic anhydrides, and in numerous other oxidation reactions, such as alcohol to acetaldehyde, anthracene to anthraquinone, sugar to oxalic acid, and diphenylamine to carbazole. Vanadium compounds have been used for many years 111 die ceramics field for enamels and glazes. Colors are produced by various combinations of vanadium oxide and silica, zirconia, zinc, lead, tin, selenium, and cadmium. Vanadium intermediate compounds also are used in the making of aniline Mack used by the dye industry... 

Tungsten trioxide may be used as a yeUow colouring matter in the ceramic industry, since permanent yellow glazes can be produced by fusion at 800° C. vnth lead silicate, -vwth bismuth oxide, or with a mixture of zinc borate and silicate. ... 

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