Glauber state

In order to gain a deeper insight into the nature of these quantum fluctuations, let us regard them from a different point of view the EM field of a well-stabilized single-mode laser can be described by a coherent state (called a Glauber state [1334])... 

Figure 2 shows a general process flow diagram for almost all production of natural sodium sulfate. Glauber s salt can be converted to anhydrous sodium sulfate by simply drying it in rotary kilns. Direct drying forms a fine, undesirable powder, and any impurities in the Glauber s salt become part of the final product. This process is not used in the United States but is used in other countries. 

Salt formation as a criterion for an acid-base interaction has a long history (Walden, 1929). Rudolph Glauber in 1648 stated that acids and alkalis were opposed to each other and that salts were composed of these two components. Otto Tachenius in 1666 considered that all salts could be broken into an acid and an alkali. Boyle (1661) and the founder of the phlogistic theory, Stahl, observed that when an acid reacts with an alkali the properties of both disappear and a new substance, a salt, is produced with a new set of properties. Rouelle in 1744 and 1754 and William Lewis in 1746 clearly defined a salt as a substance that is formed by the union of an acid and a base. 

R J Glauber, in Coherent States in Quantum Theory, Mir, Moscow, 1972, p 26... 

Potassium Chlorate, supposed to be discovered by Glauber in the 17th century (middle) was prepd by C.L. Bertollet in pure state and its props detd. He proposed using it in lieu of K nitrate in BkPdr, but abandoned the idea after disastrous expln during its manuf in 1788, which killed several persons. The first successful mixts using K chlorate were Cheddites (See Vol 2 of Encycl, p C155ff and Marshall 1 (Ref 11, pp 35—36)... 

Johann Rudolph Glauber (1604—1670) was born in Germany, but the Thirty Years War (1618—1648) that so devastated the German states led him to seek more peaceful conditions in Holland where he spent all but five of his last thirty years. Unlike most of the other well-known chemical workers of the seventeenth century, Glauber did not have a university education, and his chemical activities were directed toward technical and commercial applications as well as medical ones. He took his philosophical stance from an even earlier tradition than Paracelsus, that of alchemy itself His devotion... 

Another model which includes interaction and for which partial results are available on the decay of initial correlations is that of the one dimensional time-dependent Ising model. This model was first suggested by Glauber,18 and analyzed by him for one-dimensional Ising lattices. Let us consider a one-dimensional lattice, each of whose sites contain a spin. The spin on site,/ will be denoted by s/t) where Sj(t) can take on values + 1, and transitions are made randomly between the two states due to interactions with an external heat reservoir. The state of the system is specified by the spin vector s(t) = (..., s- f), s0(t), Ji(0>---)- A- full description of the system is provided by the probability P(s t), but of more immediate interest are the reduced probabilities... 

These dyes are generally very difficultly soluble and are often explosive in the drv state. Henc e, tliey must be mixed with a large ijuantily of Glauber salt or lUiuketed is a paste with water. 

Negative values of this parameter indicate sub-Poissonian photon statistics, namely, nonclassical character of the field. One obvious example of the nonclassical field is a field in a number state n) for which the photon number variance is zero, and we have g 2 (0) = 1 — 1 /n and q = — 1. For coherent states, g (0) = 1 and q = 0. In this context, coherent states draw a somewhat arbitrary line between the quantum states that have classical analogs and the states that do not have them. The coherent states belong to the former category, while the states for which g (0) < 1 or q < 0 belong to the latter category. This distinction is better understood when the Glauber-Sudarshan quasidistribution function P(ct) is used to describe the field. 

The Glauber-Sudarshan P representation of the field state is associated with the normal order of the field operators and is not the only ("-number representation of the quantum state. Another quasidistribution that is associated with antinormal order of the operators is the g representation, or the Husimi function, defined as... 

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