Glasses principal apphcations

Initially, DADC polymers were used in military aircraft for windows of fuel and deicer-fluid gauges and in glass-fiber laminates for wing reinforcements of B-17 bombers. Usage in impact-resistant, lightweight eyewear lenses has grown rapidly and is now the principal appHcation. Other uses include safety shields, filters for photographic and electronic equipment, transparent enclosures, equipment for office, laboratory, and hospital use, and for detection of nuclear radiation. 

As expected, given the above review, one of the principal apphcations of XPS in the study of glass corrosion, is the evolution of surface composition throughout the corrosion process. In particular, it has been shown erqrerimentally, an alkali and/or alkaline-earth depleted leached layer forms on the surfaee of a glass reacted in a variety of aqueous and/or humid envirorunents [13-15, 25-28]. For example, figure 7 shows the surfaee eomposition of a calcium-sodium aluminosilicate glass reacted in an acidic solution as a fimction of time. 

Supported aqueous phase (SAP) catalysts (16) employ an aqueous film of TPPTS or similar ligand, deposited on a soHd support, eg, controlled pore glass. Whereas these supported catalysts overcome some of the principal limitations experienced using heterogeneous catalysts, including rhodium leaching and rapid catalyst deactivation, SAP catalysts have not found commercial appHcation as of this writing. 

Corrosion. Anticorrosion measures have become standard ia pipeline desiga, coastmctioa, and maintenance ia the oil and gas iadustries the principal measures are appHcation of corrosion-preventive coatings and cathodic protection for exterior protection and chemical additives for iaterior protectioa. Pipe for pipelines may be bought with a variety of coatiags, such as tar, fiber glass, felt and heavy paper, epoxy, polyethylene, etc, either pre-apphed or coated and wrapped on the job with special machines as the pipe is lowered iato the treach. An electric detector is used to determine if a coatiag gap (hoHday) exists bare spots are coated before the pipe is laid (see Corrosion and corrosion control). 

RCF is sold in a variety of forms, such as loose fiber, blanket, boards, modules, cloth, cements, putties, paper, coatings, felt, vacuum-formed shapes, rope, braid, tape, and textiles. The products are principally used for industrial appHcations as insulation in furnaces, heaters, kiln linings, furnace doors, metal launders, tank car insulation, and other uses up to 1400°C. RCF-consuming industries include ferrous and nonferrous metals, petrochemical, ceramic, glass, chemical, fertiH2er, transportation, constmction, and power generation/incineration. Some newer uses include commercial fire protection and appHcations in aerospace, eg, heat shields and automotive, eg, catalytic converters, metal reinforcement, heat shields, brake pads, and airbags. 

Most electroless silver appHcations are for silvering glass or metallizing record masters. Mirror production is the principal usage for electroless silver. The glass support is cleaned, catalyzed using a two-step catalyst, and coated on one side with an opaque silver film (46). Silver-plated nylon cloth is used as a bacteriostatic wound dressing. A tiny current appHed to the cloth causes slow silver dissolution. The silver acts as a bactericide (47). 

While organo-silane treatments are extensively used in both thermoset and elastomer appHcations, their use in thermoplastics has so far been somewhat restricted. This is because they do not react with the surface of calcium carbonate, one of the principal fillers used in this type of polymer and because of the lack of a suitable reactive fimctionaHty for most of the thermoplastic polymers. Today they are principally used in conjimction with glass fibres, calcined clays, aluminium and magnesium hydroxides, micas and woUastonite. The main thermo-... 

The principal use of forsterite refractories is in Europe, but apphcations throughout the world have been reported. Its main uses are as steel-making refractories for tundish boards, sprays, and back fiUings ladle safety linings for dolomite brick and in electric arc furnace safety linings and roof brick. In industrial furnace applications, forsterite is employed in alloy foundries and glass tank regenerators. 

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