Glass-laminated composite specimen

Figure 14.4 Glass-laminated composite specimen with embedded sensors.

Figure 14.5 Glass-laminate composite specimen with embedded sensors, loaded on an Instron 1185 tester for a three-point bending test.

Compression cracks can be observed in Fig. 14.7, which shows a photograph taken on transversal section of tested glass laminated composite specimens. 

Figure 14.11 Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminated composite specimens, (a) Smart sensing layer in the centre (b) specimen dimensions with configuration of smooth and notched...

DSC, according to ASTM E1269 (American Society for Testing and Materials), was also used to measure the effective specific capacity of an E-glass fiber polyester composite material [21]. For the DSC experiments, powder was ground from 6 mm laminates. Two specimens of virgin material (13.7 and 12.0mg) were tested by a DSC analyzer (DSC QIOOO, TA insttument, Inc.) from ambient temperature... 

Fast Fourier transformation (FFT) analysis of the normalized resistance signals for upper and lower sensors during multicyclic loading test performed on laminated glass composite specimens (Fig. 14.9) is given in Fig. 14.10(a) and (b), respectively. 

Cyclic tests were carried out on glass laminate samples in order to characterize the sensor performance during loading and unloading of the composite specimen. 

The standard test specimen for this test consists of a strip of laminate material 152.4 mm (6 in.) long and 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) wide. A minimum of 10 samples should be prepared and all copper must be removed before testing. It is important that only samples with identical thickness and glass stack-up be tested, as this will allow a meaningful comparison of the materials in the test. The test engineer also must ensure that both the warp and fill direction of the laminate composite are measured and documented separately. 

Notes (a) Test specimens 3 mm thick, 35% wt glass (b) increasing glass content or laminate thickness will further improve the fire properties (c) unless otherwise indicated, performance applies to unpainted or painted composites. 

An E-glass fiber polyester composite was examined in [28]. Powdery specimens were collected by grinding from a laminate using a rasp and then placed on a scale within a TGA Q500 oven from TA instruments Inc. [28]. The temperature of the oven is increased at a linear rate. As the temperature approaches the decomposition temperature, T, the mass of the sample begins to decrease, as shown in Figure 2.10. 

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