Glass conservation

Polymers in glass conservation may also be applied for filling gaps and modelling missing areas in broken objects. 

Due to the limited reversibility of consolidation treatments for ceramics, new consolidations are carried out only if the object is seriously endangered, e.g. when the ceramic body is crumbling or the surface decoration is flaking off the surface. Materials, such as Paraloid B72 (already mentioned for glass conservation) or silanes and siloxanes (used for stone conservation) can be applied by brush, injection, spray or by immersion. Vacuum impregnation might be useful to achieve deep penetration with the consolidant. 

Donny, L. Hamilton (2000). Glass Conservation Conservation Research Laboratory, Texas A M University. 

Down, J. L. (2001). Review of CCI research on epoxy resin adhesives for glass conservation. Reviews in Conservation (2), 39-46. 

Tennent, N. H. (1979). Clear and pigmented epoxy resins for stained glass conservation light ageing studies. Studies in Conservation, 24(4), 153-164. 

R. Newton and S. Davidson, Conservation of Glass, Butterworths, London, 1989. 

E. D. Spinosa, P. M. Stephan, and J. R. Schorr, Review of Literature on Control Technology which Abates Air Pollution and Conserves Energy in Glass Melting... 

The theoretical and measured results for E, are shown in Figure 3-41 as a function of resin content by weight. Theoretical results from Equation (3.64) are shown for C = 0,. 2,. 4, and 1, and the data are bounded by the curves for C = 0 and C =. 4. The theoretical curve labeled glass-resin connected in series is a lower, lower bound than the C = 0 curve and is an overly conservative estimate of the stiffness. 

Aquaporins. Figure 1 (a) The hour-glass model. The scheme depicts the six transmembrane helices (H1-H6), the connecting loops A-E, including the helical parts of loops B ((H)B) and E (E(H)), and the conserved NPA (Asn-Pro-Ala) motif of canonical aquaporins. (b) Structure of the conserved NPA motif region, flanked by the indicated helices, (c) Crystallographic structure of AQP1 tetramer. The four water pores in atetramer are indicated [1]. 

Maneta, C. (1997), Porcelain Technology, deterioration and conservation, Glass... 

Newman, A. (ed.) (1987), Chemistry of Clays and Clay Minerals, Longmans, London. Newton, R. G. (1985), The durability of glass A review, Glass Technol. 26, 21-38. Newton, R. G. (1980), Recent views on ancient glass, Glass Technol. 21,173-183. Newton, R. G. and S. Davison (1997), The Conservation of Glass, Butterworth-Heinemann, London. 

Romich, H. (1999), Historic glass and its interaction with the environment, in Tennent, N. H. (ed.), The Conservation of Glass and Ceramics Research, Practice and Training, James and James, London. 

Tennent, N. (ed.) (1998), Conservation of Glass and Ceramics, James and James, London. 

The first synthetic polymers to be used as paint varnishes were acrylic and vinylic resins. Poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), commercialized under the name Mowilith by Hoechst and Vinylite by Union Carbide, has been used in conservation as an adhesive since 1932 and in 1937 it was proposed as a picture varnish by Stout and Cross [63]. PVAc was soon rejected as a varnish because, despite its light stability and good solubility in organic solvents, it demonstrated poor optical properties in terms of colour saturation and the tendency to pick up dirt due to its low glass transition temperature. 

Engineering judgment is also required in assessing the blast capacity of a glass-clad polycarbonate. Because in most cases the annealed, semi-tempered, or sodium-based chemically tempered glass does not contribute substantially to the blast load capacity of the cross section, it is conservative to base blast capacity upon the polycarbonate layers alone. 

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