Gibbs. Willard

Gibbs J W 1928 Elements of Veotor Analysis (Colleoted Works of J. Willard Gibbs Vol II, Part 2) (New York Longmans Green)... 

Figure 3.5. Portniit of Josiah Willard Gibbs (courtesy F. Scil/).

An important question for chemists, and particularly for biochemists, is, Will the reaction proceed in the direction written J. Willard Gibbs, one of the founders of thermodynamics, realized that the answer to this question lay in a comparison of the enthalpy change and the entropy change for a reaction at a given temperature. The Gibbs free energy, G, is defined as... 

Dcltctc, U. J. (1996). Josiah Willard Gibbs and Wilhelm Ostwald A Contrast m Scientifc Style. Journal of Chemical Education 73(4) 2S9-295. 

Klein, M. J. (1989). The Physics of J. Willard Gibbs in His Time. In Proceedings of the Gibbs Symposium. Yale University, May 15-17, 19S9, ed. D. G. Caldi and G. D. Mnstnw. New York American Mathematical Society. 

Sec also Carnot, Nicolas Leonard Sadi Clausins, Rudolf Julius Emmanuel Culture and Energy Usage Ethical and Moral Aspects of Energy Use Gibbs, Jonah Willard Industiy and Business, History of Energy Use and Joule, James Prescott Kinetic Energy, Historical Evolution of the Use of Mayer, Julius Robert von Refining, History of Thomson, William Watt, James. 

The work on gas theory had many extensions. In 1865 Johann Josef Loschmidt used estimates of the mean free path to make the first generally accepted estimate of atomic diameters. In later papers Maxwell, Ludwig Boltzmann, and Josiah Willard Gibbs extended the rrratherrratics beyorrd gas theory to a new gerreralized science of statistical mechanics. Whenjoined to quantum mechanics, this became the foundation of much of modern theoretical con-derrsed matter physics. 

See also Ampere, Andre-Marie Clausius, Rudolf Julius Emmanuel Electricity Electricity, History of Faraday, Michael Gibbs, Josiah Willard Magnetism and Magnets Molecular Energy Oersted, Hans Christian Thomson, William. 

See also Carnot, Nicholas Leonard Sadi Clausius, Rudolf Julius Emmanuel Gibbs, Josiah Willard Heat Transfer Helmoltz, Herman von Joule, James Prescott Ostwald, Wilhelm Thermodynamics,... 

Two theoreticians working in the latter half of the nineteenth century changed the very nature of chemistry by deriving the mathematical laws that govern the behavior of matter undergoing physical or chemical change. One of these was James Clerk Maxwell, whose contributions to kinetic theory were discussed in Chapter 5. The other was J. Willard Gibbs, Professor of Mathematical Physics at Yale from 1871 until his death in 1903. 

J. Willard Gibbs is often cited as an example of the "prophet without honor in his own country." His colleagues in New Haven and elsewhere in... 

Ghiorso, Albert, 515 Giauque, William, 174 Gibbs, J. Willard, 459 Gibbs-Helmholtz equation The relation AG = AH - TAS, 459,461,474q Gillespie, R. J., 175 Glucose... 

The function W was called by Willard Gibbs the Heat Function at Constant Pressure. 

Clerk Maxwell (South Kensington Conferences, 1876), in discussing the work of Willard Gibbs, remarked that the existence of a system depends on the magnitudes of the system, which are the quantities of the components, the volumes, the entropies, as well as on the intensities of the system, viz., the temperature and the potentials of the components (cf. 143). In his Theory of Heat he also refers to a separation of the variables in terms of which the state can be defined into two classes, one of which includes what are called intensities (pressure, temperature), and the other magnitudes (volume, entropy). 

For the purpose of classifying heterogeneous equilibria we shall make use of a very general law, called the Phase Rule of Willard Gibbs (1876), the proof of which is deferred to a later chapter. 

The vapour pressure relations of mixed liquids were cleared up experimentally by the Russian chemist, Dmitri Konowalow (1881) the theory had previously (unknown to Konowalow) been developed by J. Willard Gibbs in 1875. 

In the older theory of capillary action(1), developed by Laplace T. Young (1805), Gauss (1830), and Poisson (1831), no attention was paid to the possibility of thermal changes attending the alteration of surface at constant temperature. That such changes must exist was first demonstrated by Lord Kelvin (2) (1859), and the theory of capillarity Was developed more particularly from the thermodynamic standpoint in the masterly treatise of Willard Gibbs (8) (1876). 

There is a very important equation relating to the electromotive forces of reversible cells which was deduced independently by J. Willard Gibbs (1875) and H. von Helmholtz (1882), and is usually called the Gibbs-Helmholtz Equation. 

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