Germinating seeds

Cell Division Inhibitors. The most common mode of action of soil-appHed herbicides is growth inhibition, primarily through dkect or indkect interference with cell division (163). Such growth inhibitory activity is the basis for most pre- or post-emergent herbicides intended to control germinating weed seeds. In germinating seeds, cell division occurs in the meristems of the root and the shoot. Meristematic cells go through a cycle... 

Besides a direct addition to growth media, there are other ways of utilizing SAH for example, coating of seeds and bare roots, drilling of germinated seeds in a swollen gel ( fluid drilling [14, 15]), plant nutrient media for hydroponics, etc. 

A. Microorganisms Associated with Germinating Seeds and Young Roots... 

Seeds can be placed in water, and as imbibition occurs, the materials lost from seeds can be collected and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively (10). Once germinated, seeds are commonly placed on some form of grid or support above the nutrient solution and, as the roots grow in the nutrient solution, it can be collected at intervals and the rhizodeposits analyzed. Seeds are often surface-sterilized to prevent utilization or alteration of the materials derived from the seed by contaminating microorganisms (e.g.. Ref. 11). 

A number of analogs were prepared to arrive at the above relationship. However, the identity of the chemicals needed for haustorial initiation and produced by any cereal crop remains unknown. The possibility of using a chemical to suppress or confuse haustorial formation has been recognized, but only a little work has been done on this aspect of control. The germinated seed will die in a short time if haustorial initiation and attachment are not realized. 

Fig. 2 Time course of germination of radish seeds in presence (o) and absence ( ) of rue extract. Germination is expressed as percentage of germinated seeds.

Fig. 3 Stereomicrograph of a germinating seed of radish showing the hilum micropylar region (hm) and the radicle (r), 18 h after sowing. Bar = 1mm...

Fig. 9 Time course of endosperm protrusion and germination of purslane seeds without rue infusion (control) and with rue infusion. Histograms represent the mean SD of percentage of dormant ( ), protruded endosperm (0) and germinated seeds .

Ferrara G, Loffredo E, Senesi N (2001) Aquatic humic substances inhibit clasto-genic events in germinating seeds of herbaceous plants. J Agric Food Chem 49 1652-1657... 

Germinating seeds and seedlings can also be used for physiological, anatomical, cytological and molecular studies, but these require specific methodology which is neither simple nor fast. 

Germinate seeds in a warm spot, pricking out the seedlings into 3-4-in (7.5-10-cm) pots. Keep them growing in a warm place (54-6rF/12-16°C, depending on the plant). Once the first flowers show, they can be planted in a soil bed or into pots or growing bags. 

As these examples show, different defenses among plant parts and seasonal differences have to be considered together. Coffee Coffea arabica) is a well-investigated example of increased chemical defenses when the plant is most vulnerable to herb ivory. The concentration of the alkaloid caffeine (Fig. 11.18) varies between plant parts and with the growth cycle. In the germinating seed, the... 

In addition to direct effects on the plant, benzylamine may induce hydrophobic (water repellent) conditions in soil (Figure 4)-These data indicate a linear increase in moisture content as benzylamine content increases, attributable to the development of a lower unsaturated hydraulic conductivity in the surface soil, which thus became less able to transfer water from depth in response to evaporative demand. McGhie (50) suggests that poor germination of crop and pasture plants may be related to the development of hydrophobic conditions, the affected soil being unable to supply water to the germinating seed. 

During imbibition of whole tea seeds (6 days) two purine alkaloids, caffeine and theobromine, did not decrease in the seed coats and there was no increase in the seeds. In parallel with and after the breaking seed coats there was a gradual release of caffeine from coats of germinating seeds. By contrast, when the seed was freed from the outer seed coat and soaked, imbibition of the seed required only two days and simultaneously caffeine was released from the inner seed coat. 

NOTE Some of these data appear in ref. 26 reported as seeds germinated/ seeds tested... 

Preparation of Modified Soy Proteins from Germinating Soybeans. Soybean seeds (12 g dry weight) were germinated on wet Vermiculite in a metal pan covered with aluminum foil. Water was added to the tray as needed during the course of germination. To collect products, the germinated seeds were washed and then ground with mortar... 

Hordeum vulgare L. MaiYa (Barley) (germinated seed) Enzymes such as invertase, amylase, proteinase, vitamin B, vitamin C, maltose, dextrose.33 Improve digestion of carbohydrates and protein. 

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