Germinal granules

Chuma S, Hosokawa M, Kitamura K, Kasai S, Fujioka M, Hiyoshi M, Takamune K, Noce T, Nakatsuji N. Tdrdl/Mtr-1, a tudor-ielated gene is essential for male germ-cell drCFeientiation and nuage/germinal granule formation in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006 103 15894-9. 

Calcium peroxide has several horticultural and agricultural applications, particularly in Japan. Usually used in the form of granules, it acts by providing extra oxygen for germinating plants and other organisms. 

The modes of action of this group are not similar. Dichlobenil is apphed to the soil as granules and prevents the germination of annual weeds and shoot growth in perennials. Bromoxynil and ioxynil induce foliar chlorosis and necrosis. The degradation products of these herbicides also inhibit other complex cellular processes, and their precise modes of action are unknown. 

Linuron is a substituted urea to control germinating and perennial broadleaf and grassy weeds on both crop and noncrop sites. Linuron inhibits photosynthesis in target weed plants. It is labeled for field and storehouse use in a variety of crops. Most of the linuron applied in the United States is in soybean production. Formulations include granules, wettable powders, flowable concentrates, and emulsifiable concentrates/... 

Fig. 28. Developmental expression of protein kinase C (PKC) isoenzymes in rat cerebellum. Immunofluores-cent staining of cerebellar cortex by antibodies specific for PKC 1, corresponding to PKCr (panels A, B and C), PKC (panels D, E and F) and PKCa (panels G, H and I), Sagittal sections of cerebellum of 1-week-old (A, D and G), 2-week-old (B, E and H) and 3-week-old (C, F and I) rats were used. PKCr antibody stained mainly the Purkinje ceil bodies and dendrites throughout the development. PKC/8 antibody stained the cerebellar granule cells in the external germinal layer (EGL) of the 1- and 2-week-old rats and mainly the granular layer of the 3-week-old rats. PKCa antibody stained both granule cells and Purkinje cells throughout the development. Fluang et al. (1991).

Figure 4. Scanning (a) and transmission (b and c) electron micrographs of the penetration of pea stem cuticle by germinating spores of F. solani f. sp. pisi. Figures represent the state of events 12 h after placing spores on the stem of the pea seedling. The infection area was treated with ferritin-conjugated, anticutinase IgG. Ferritin granules can be seen at the site of penetration in b and c. C, cuticle CW, cell wall F, fungus.

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