Semiconductor germanium

A new family of hexagonal mesoporous all-germanium semiconductors was prepared by the surfactant-assisted cross-linking polymerization reaction of Zintl [Geg]" anions (Scheme 1) with Ge(lV) bridges in formamide/ethylenediamine solution (1) [43]. 

Sfiicon and more recently germanium semiconductor-based nanocrystals have also demonstrated intense fluorescence emission (94—98). Si-based nanoparticles have found some applications as biolabels (98, 99), whereas Si-based and Ge-based nanoparticles are still in the early stages of development. However, all are characterized by immature synthesis and stabihzation that has limited their biologic use to date. That said, they still have a promising future as optical probes that potentially may be a nontoxic alternative to semiconductor materials. 

Yeh L.-S. R. and Hackerman N. (1978), Electrochemistry of n-type cadmium sulfide, gallium phosphide, and gallium arsenide and p-type germanium semiconductor electrodes in N,N-dimethylformamide solutions , J. Phys. Chem. 82, 2719-26. 

The energy range of prompt gamma radiation extends from a few tens of keV up to 12 MeV. There are two detector types in practice that are able to detect gamma rays over this wide energy range the solid scintillation detector and the germanium semiconductor detector ... 

In this respect the germanium semiconductor detector is best with a resolution of 2 keV up... 

Both types of detector must be connected with high-voltage and amplification units that deliver electronic pulses suitable for pulse-height analysis. Up to 16384 channels are used for 7-spectrometry with germanium semiconductor detectors for scintillation detectors 1024 channels are commonly considered adequate. 

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