German protein system

PDI = the French protein digested in the intestine system CPFD = the German crude protein flow at duodenum system DVE = the Dutch digestible protein in the intestine system AAT-PBV = the Nordic system AP = the American absorbed true protein system ADPLS = the Australian apparently digested protein leaving the stomach system CNCPS = the Cornell net protein and carbohydrate system. 

Lerch, K., and German, U. A. (1988). Evolutionary relationships among copper proteins containing coupled binuclear copper sites. In Oxidases and Related Redox Systems (K. T. S., Mason, H. S., and Morrison, M., Eds.), pp. 331-348. A. R. Liss, New York. 

A potentially important development for the future of biomimetic research was published recently. Using a procedure developed by Whitesides, nucleophiles micropattemed on a gold surface were used as initiators to prepare poly(Y-benzyl-L-glutamate). Thus, an array of poly(amino acid) layers covalently attached to the surface was obtained. These would potentially act as mediators of biomimetic reactions. German workers have described the production of protein-DNA double and triple layers adsorbed on smfaces. Adhesion between layers was provided by biotin-streptavadin interactions and binding was detected by a quartz crystal microbalance. These studies may have some relevance to the understanding of protein DNA interactions at interfaces in biological systems. 

The Dutch feed tables (CVB, 2000) use a net energy system that is very similar to the INRA system (Ellis, 2002). The German (DIG, 1995) and North American (NRC, 1989) tables use the digestible energy system. This system overestimates energy values, especially when cell walls and/or crude protein values are high (Martin-Rosset and Vermorel, 2002). 

The Dutch (CVB, 2000) and German (DLG, 1995) tables express the nitrogen value in MAD. In the North American tables, the nitrogen value is expressed as crude protein. The MAD and CP systems overestimate the nitrogen value of feed materials, notably for forages, and to a lesser extent for concentrates, when the levels of NDF and above all ligno-cellulose (ADF) are high (Marin-Rosset and Tisserand, 2002). 

Han, D., Yi, O-S. and Shin, H-K. Solubilization of vitamin C in fish oil and synergistic effect with vitamin E in retarding oxidation. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 68, 740-743 (1991). Heinonen, M., Rein, D., Satue-Gracia, M.T., Huang, S-W., German, J.B. and Frankel, E.N. Effect of protein on the antioxidant activity of phenolic compound in a lecithin-Uposome oxidation system. J. Agric. Food Chem. 46, 917—922 (1998). 

Coenen, M., 2002. Evaluating the protein requirements of horses The German system for digestible protein. In Proceedings of the 1 European workshop on equine nutrition. Dijon, France 153-158. 

---