Germ, nuclei

Bagdassarian [428] considered the kinetics of steps in which a germ nucleus accommodates p atoms (ions or molecules) of product and, on the attainment of this number, was converted to a growth nucleus. It was assumed that the rate coefficients for addition of individual atoms were equal below p... 

However, a further development of the process, in particular, the transformation of a thermodynamically unstable, germ nucleus into a stable growth nucleus in the framework of this disordered structure concept remains unclear. Jacobs, one of the founders of formal kinetics, admits [23] that we have no knowledge of how the first few hundred atoms are added to a nucleus . The driving force behind the subsequent growth of nuclei, which occurs at a... 

The kinetics of nucleus formation in which an active growth nucleus requires the accumulation of at least r product atoms has been considered by Bagdassarian ( ). A nucleus with less than this number of product atoms is a germ nucleus, which may become a growth nucleus by adding atoms of product in successive reaction steps. If denotes the number of nuclei containing / atoms then... 

Figure 2. Formal representation of the free energy of formation, Agj, of a germ nucleus, composed of j structural units, as a function of j [70].

Keim, m. germ embryo (of crystallization) nucleus, seed sprout, shoot. 

Samen-haar, n. (Bot.) seed hair, coma, -hefe, /. seed yeaat. -keim, m. germ, embryo, -kem, m. seed kernel (Bot.) endosperm Physiol.) spermatic nucleus, -lappen, m. seed lobe, cotyledon, -ol, n. seed oil. -pflan-zen, /.pi. seed plants, Spermatophyta. -probe, /. seed test or sample, -saift, m. seminal fluid, -staub, m. pollen, -tierchen, n. sp< rmatozoon. -zelle, /. seminal cell, spertpatozoon. -zucker, m. quercitol, quer-cite. ... 

Transgenic Describing the introduction of new DNA into germ cells by its injection into the nucleus of the ovum. 

Behzadi, G., Kalen, P., Parvopassu, R Wiklund, L. (1990). Afferents to the median raphe nucleus of the rat retrograde cholera toxin and wheat germ conjugated horseradish peroxidase tracing, and selective D-[3H]aspartate labelling of possible excitatory amino acid inputs. Neuroscience 37, 77-100. 

One property expected of the genetic material is a constancy of amount in every cell of the body under every environmental situation. DNA, not RNA or protein, fulfills this expectation. Its content per nucleus is the same in every cell except the germ cells, which have exactly half that found in the somatic cells. Again, this is expected if progeny obtain half their characteristics from each parent. This constancy is so dependable that the measurement of the DNA concentration in a tissue can be used to calculate die number of nuclei and thus the number of cells. This works well for diploid cells such as those of the kidney, but corrections must be made for polyploid mammalian liver or cancer cells. 

With the exception of certain viruses, the blueprint for all organisms is contained in code by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a giant macro-molecule whose structure allows a vast amount of information to be stored accurately. We have all arisen from a single cell, the fertilized ovum containing two sets of DNA (packaged with protein to form chromatin), one set from our mother, resident in the nucleus of the unfertilized ovum, the second set from our father via the successful sperm. Every cell in the adult has arisen from this one cell and (with the exception of the germ cell and specialized liver cells) contains one copy of these original chromosome sets. 

Meiosis A spedal method of cell division, occurring in maturation of the germ cells, by means of which each daughter nucleus receives half the number of chromosomes characteristic of the somatic cells of the species. [NIH]... 

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