Ger proplnts

Muzzle Flash or Muzzle Flame. Flame that appears at the muzzle of a gun when a projectile leaves the barrel. See Flash Reducing (or Antiflash) Agents, Flash Reduction in Ger Projectiles, and Flash Reduction in Ger Proplnts, Vol 6, F96-L to F99-L... 

Some US.proplnts listed as "single-base (such as Ml, MIAI M6 may also be considered as "double-base because they are based on two expl ingredients NC DNT. The same reasoning applies to some Ger proplnts which contd NC St PETN (Ref 23, pGer 141) Double-Base Props Hants (or Rockets. Compns of some US rocket proplnts, such as M7, Ml3,... 

Muzzle Brake. (Freins de bouche in Fr, M lin-dungsbremse in Ger). A cylindrical device with flanged or baffled surfaces which is attached to the muzzle of a gun, usually by threads, to offset a long or complete recoil of the gun when fired. The expanding proplnt gases strike the baffles, thus pushing the gun barrel forward. This action can shorten the actual recoil distance, or it may relieve an overloaded recoil system. The latter would occur when a conventional gun was deliberately overloaded to increase the projectile velocity... 

Lehalleur (Ref 2) states that Energit can be prepd by wetting small grains of double-base proplnt in a kneader with equal quantities of such volatile solvents as acet and furfural, adding liq aromatic nitrocompds and other ingredients, and then kneading the mixt until it is thoroughly blended. Finally, the solvents were removed by evapn (See also Ref 4, Ger 42-L)... 

Deutsche Spengchemie GmbH was a type of NC-DEGDN-PETN proplnt or expl. Two compns are listed in PATR 2510, (1958), p Ger 117-R ... 

An apparatus for mixing solid ingredients in the presence of liquids. Several types were used in Ger for mixing proplnts expls, such as the Columnar type (Saulenknetmaschine) (Ref 2, pp 105—06 Ref 3, p 237) Wemer-Pfleiderer Misch-und Knetmashine (Ref 1, p 75 Ref 3, p 227 Ref 4, pp 585—87), and others. In France, Chaudel-Page kneaders are in general use (Ref 4, pp 588—9)... 

Ger technical MtrT was a heavy oil, practically in sol in w, with N=16.00 to 16.32%, sp gr 1.460 at 20°, stability by Abel Test at 82°— 20 mins, decompn temp ca 182°, impact sensitivity with 2kg hammer 4cm, calorific value 1270kcal/kg (water in liq phase) and volatility less thamfor NG. It was used in some smokeless proplnts and as a replacement for NG... 

Liquid proplnts were also used for driving V-l, described in Ref 3, p Ger 213-L with Fig on p Ger 214... 

A large-flake, single-base, smokeless proplnt used during WWI in Ger 150 and 210mm cannons Ref Marshall 1 (1917), 303... 

Distance Piece or Cross Tube (Kreuziohc, in Ger). This device was used in Germany when a proplnt charge of semi-fixed artillery ammunition was shorter than the cartridge case. The piece consisted of one or several tubular sticks of... 

DOUBLE-BASE AND TRIPLE-BASE PROPELLANTS. A description of double-base proplnts containing NC + NG was given in this Encycl under BALLI5TITE (Vol 2, pp B8-L to B10-L), under CANNON PROPELLANT Vol 2, pp C33-L to C37-L) and under CORDITE (VoL 3, PP C531-L to C541-R). Some Ball Powders, described in Vol 2, pp Bll-R to B16-L can be made double-base. The description did not include the German proplnts which were described previously in Refs 1, 2 3 and in Ref 4, pp Get 142 (Table 43) Ger 146 (Table 46), under PROPELLANT (Treibmittei)... 

We are not giving here the description of Ger double-base proplnts contg NG because there was nothing unusual about them and many were similar to US proplnts The description given below will be devoted to the problem of gun barrel erosion caused by NC-NG proplnts and to the development in Geimany, before WWII, of a new class of proplnts which reduced the erosion to such.an extent that the serviceable life of a barrel increased 4—5 times in comparison with NC-NG proplnts... 

This meant that reduction of 130kcal/kg in calorific value, doubled (approximately) the life of the barrel. No further improvement in life of AA guns could be obtd when using NC-NG proplnts (Refs 1 2 and Ref 4, p Ger 43, under Erosion of the Bore)... 

All "G pro pints were slow-burning and were efficient only in weapons with long barrels, which allowed complete combstn of propints. They were unsuitable, even when used in smaii grains (flakes), in medium and small caliber howitzers and in mortars because their barrels were too short to allow complete combstn of proplnt while the shell was still in the barrel (P.efs 1 2 and R.ef 4, pp Ger 70 St Ger 71). For these weapons (as well as for the others), the Gudolpulver, developed in 1937 at the Dynamit AG laboratories, was quite suitable... 

With the use of Gudol proplnt, the breech as well as muzzle flash were practically fill-minated and so was the smoke. The erosion of gun barrel was very low (Refs 1, 2 3 and Ref 4, p Ger 81)... 

EC Pulver. One of the older Ger sporting proplnts Collodion Cotton 28.0, Guncotton 26.0, Ba K nitrate 38.0, camphor 2.0, wood pulp 4.0, gelatinizer 0.5 moisture 1.5%... 

MgO and graphite. It was called K Pulver by the Ger Air Force. This propint was very suitable for high caliber guns, especially howitzers and mortars, but unfortunately, when fired from the same weapons as MG proplnts, it produced more flash due to the fact that larger charges were required with "G" Pulver... 

P. Tavernier, P. Prache J. Berger, MP 37, 207-15(1955) (Contribution a l etude de T rosion des poudres colloidales) [Compari-sion of erosion produced by Poudre SD (temp of expln at const vol 2561°K), Amer proplnt JPN (temp of expln 3886°K) and Ger froide (cool) proplnt (temp of expln 1880 °K) showed that poudre SD is particularly sensitive to the phenomenon of erosion. Unfortunately no compn of any of the above proplnts is given)]... 

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