Geology/geochemistry trace elements

Geology appears to be the main determinant of trace-element contents and mineralogical form - as defined using selective extractions. There is no indication that landuse per se has had a significant general effect on soil trace element geochemistry. 

Pearce J.A. 1996, A user s guide to basalt discrimination diagrams. In Wyman, D.A. (ed) Trace Element Geochemistry of Volcanic Rocks Applications for Massive Sulphide Exploration. Geological Association of Canada, Short Course Notes, v.12, p.79-113. 

The organization of this book follows the various states of aggregation of the earth s materials, in an order that reflects their relative importance in geology. Five chapters deal with the crystalline state. The first chapter is preparatory, the second and third are operative. The fourth summarizes some concepts of defect chemistry, the role of which in geochemistry is becoming more and more important as studies on kinetics and trace element applications advance. The fifth chapter is a (necessarily concise) state-of-the-art appraisal of the major silicate minerals. 

Izbicki JA, BaU JW, Bullen TD, Sutley S J (2008) Chromium, chromium isotopes and selected trace elements. Western Mojave Desert, USA, Appl Geochemistry 23 1325-1352 Jaffres JB, Shields GA, Wallmann K (2007) The oxygen isotope evolution of seawater a critical review of a long-standing controversy and an improved geological water cycle model for the past 3,4 billion years. Earth Sci Rev 83 83-122... 

Chakrapani, G.J. (2005) Major and trace element geochemistry in Upper Ganga River in the Himalayas, India. Environmental Geology, 48(2), 189-201. 

Gayer, R.A., Rose, M., Dehmer, J. and Shao, L.-Y. (1999) Impact of sulphur and trace element geochemistry on the utilization of a marine-influenced coal-case study from the South Wales Variscan Foreland Basin. International Journal of Coal Geology, 40(2-3), 151-74. 

Shanks, W.C. Ill and Lichte, F.E. (1996) Trace element and stable isotope geochemistry of environmental minerals and acid rock drainage Patagonia Mountains, Arizona. Abstract with Programs — Geological Society of America, 28(7), 529. 

Rehkamper, M., and Halliday, A. N. (1997) Separation of Pt, Ir, Pd and other siderophile elements from geological samples with application to trace element geochemistry. Talanta 44, 663-672. 

Elbaz-Poulichet, F., P. Seyler, L. Maurice-Bourgoin, J. L. Guyot, and C. Dupuy. 1999. "Trace element geochemistry in the upper Amazon drainage basin (Bolivia)," Chemical Geology 157 319-334. 

Figure 8.13 Cumulative percentages of some major and trace elements in groundwaters. Number of analyses 13,000 to 18,000 for major elements 750 to 8,000 for trace elements. Figure plotted by A. Rose using data in U.S. Geological Survey data bank. From A. W. Rose, H. E. Hawkes, and J. S. Webb. Geochemistry in mineral exploration, 2d ed. Copyright 1979. Used by permission.

One of the fundamental difficulties with the whole mantle convection model is that geochemical heterogeneities cannot be sustained over geological timescales. And yet, observations from trace element and isotope geochemistry show that the mantle is and has... 

The elements in each of these respective groups have similar chemicai propernes and for this reason are expected to show similar geochemic behaviour. This is not always the case, however, because geological processes can take advantage of subtle chemical differences and fractionate elements of a group one from the other. Thus one of the tasks of trace element geochemistry is to discover which geological processes may have this effect and to quantify the extent of a particular process. 

Marshall, D. J., 1988. Cathodoluminescence of Geological Materials. Unwin, London, 146 pp. Marquart, R. G., 1986. /xPDSM mainframe search/match on an IBM PC. Powder Diffract. 1 34-36. Mathers, K. H., 1999. The Concentration and Distribution of Trace Elements in Otoliths Collected from Fish from Eden Lake, Northern Manitoba A Link Between the Lacustrine Fauna and Regional Geochemistry. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, 275 pp. 

Jarvis 1. and Higgs N. (1987) Trace-element mobility during early diagenesis in distal turbidites late Quaternary of the Madeira Abyssal Plain, N. Atlantic. Geology and Geochemistry of Abyssal Plains, 31(ed. P. P. E. Weaver, J. Thomson,), Geological Society Special Publication London, pp. 179-214. 

Chuan RL, Palais J, Rose WI, Kyle PR (1986) Huxes, sizes, morphology, and compositions of particles in the Mt. Erebus volcanic plume, December 1983. J Atmos Chem 4 467-477 Clague DA, Frey FA (1982) Petrology and trace element geochemistry of the Honolulu Volcanics, Oahu Implications for the oceanic mantle below Hawaii, J. Petrol. 23(3) 447-504 Cole JW, Ewart A (1968) Contributions to the volcanic geology of the Black Island, Brown Peninsula, and Cape Bird areas, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. New Zealand J Geol Geophys ll(4) 793-828... 

Sarrot-Reynauld, J., Rochat, J. and Dazy, J., 1981. Repartition des elements traces dans les eaux thermominerales. (Minor-element distribution in mineral and thermal waters.) In W. Back and R. Letolle (Guest-Editors), Symposium of Geochemistry of Ground-water — 26th International Geological Congress. J. Hydrol., 54 33—50. 

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