Geology earth crust structure

Limestone varieties differ greatly from one another in their texture and the impurities they contain, and consequently they also differ in color. The color of limestone may vary from white (when it contains practically no impurities) to off-white and even to intensely colored. Minor inclusions within the limestone structure are often of silica, usually in a concentration below 5%, as well as feldspar and clay in still lesser amounts. Many types of limestone also include embedded fossils. Much limestone deposits in the outer crust of the earth are altered during geologic metamorphic processes that involve mainly pressure and heat but also liquids and gases. Marble, for example, a metamorphic rock derived from calcium carbonate, is white when composed only of this substance colored metal ions and other impurities impart to marble a wide range of colors such as red, yellow, and green and also give... 

The entire history of the Azov-Black Sea basin is closely related to the geological structure of the region, which is located within the Alpian geosynclinal belt. Here, starting from the Oligocene-Miocene, orogenic processes proceed actively, accompanied by fractures of the earth s crust, block displacements,... 

The Earth s three-layer structure (the core, the silicate shell (mantle and crust), and the atmosphere-hydrosphere system) is the product of planetary differentiation and is identified as the most significant geological process to have... 

Karson J. A. (2002) Geologic structure of the uppermost oceanic crust created at fast- to intermediate-rate spreading centers. In Annual Reviews Earth Planet of Sciences, Annual Reviews (eds. R. Jeanloz, A. L. Albee, and K. C. Burke). Annual Reviews, Palo Alto, CA, vol. 30, pp. 347-384. 

Dysthe, D.K. Wogelius, R.A. (2006). Confined fluids in the Earth s crust - Properties and processes. Chemical Geology, Vol. 230, pp. 175-181 Eisenberg, D. Kauzman, W. (1%9). The Structure and Properties of Water, Oxford University Press, Oxford... 

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