Geochemistry of rocks

Cannon, H.L. 1964. Geochemistry of rocks and related soils and vegetation in the Yellow Cat area, Grand County, Utah, United States Geological Survey Bulletin 1176,127 p. 

In the geochemistry of fluorine, the close match in the ionic radii of fluoride (0.136 nm), hydroxide (0.140 nm), and oxide ion (0.140 nm) allows a sequential replacement of oxygen by fluorine in a wide variety of minerals. This accounts for the wide dissemination of the element in nature. The ready formation of volatile silicon tetrafluoride, the pyrohydrolysis of fluorides to hydrogen fluoride, and the low solubility of calcium fluoride and of calcium fluorophosphates, have provided a geochemical cycle in which fluorine may be stripped from solution by limestone and by apatite to form the deposits of fluorspar and of phosphate rock (fluoroapatite [1306-01 -0]) approximately CaF2 3Ca2(P0 2 which ate the world s main resources of fluorine (1). 

Dudas, F.O., Campbell, I.H. and Corton, M.P. (1983) Geochemistry of igneous rocks in the Hokuroku district, northern Japan. Econ. Geol. Mon., 5, 115-133. 

Kawahata, H., Kusakabe, M. and Kikuchi, Y. (1987) Strontium, oxygen, and hydrogen isotope geochemistry of hydrothermally altered and weatherted rocks in DSDP Hole 504B, Costa Rica Rift. Earth Planet. 

Meyer, C. and Hemley, J.J. (1967) Wall rock alteration. In Barnes, H.L., (ed.). Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits, Holt Rinehart Winston, pp. 166-235. 

Shikazono, N. (1999a) Rare earth element geochemistry of Kuroko ores and altered rocks implication for evolution of submarine geothermal system at back-arc basin. Resource Geology Special Issue, 20,... 

Stakes, D.S. and O Neil, Jr. (1982) Mineralogy and stable i.sotopes geochemistry of hydrothermally altered ocean rocks. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, 57, 285-304. 

Ishizuka, H., Kawanobe, Y. and Sakai, H. (1990) Petrology and geochemistry of volcanic rocks dredged from the Okinawa Trough and active back-arc basin. Geochem. J., 24, 75-92. 

Shikazono, N. (1999) Rare earth element geochemistry of Kuro ores and hydrothermaily altered rocks Implication for the evolution of submarine hydrothermal systems at back-arc basins. Resource Geol. Spec. Issue, 20, 23-30. 

Harrison Brown understood enough about the geochemistry of uranium and meteorites to realize that the lead in iron meteorites should be primordial, unchanged since the solar system formed. So he went looking for a student familiar enough with mass spectroscopy to analyze the isotopes in the lead in ancient iron meteorites and in modern rocks. He found Patterson. 

Ebens, R.J. and H.T. Shacklette. 1982. Geochemistry of Some Rocks, Mine Spoils, Stream Sediments, Soils, Plants, and Waters in the Western Energy Region of the Conterminous United States. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 1237. U.S. Govt. Printing Off., Washington, D.C. 173 pp. 

Our results demonstrate significant spatial differentiation in the geochemistry of Sacramento Valley soil between the eastern and western sides of the valley that is related to the geomorphic separation of the valley by a levee along the Sacramento River. The western valley contains an elevated component of material derived from ultramafic rocks compared to the eastern side. 

Vreca, P., Pirc, S., Sajn, R., 2001. Natural and anthropogenic influences on geochemistry of soils in the terrains of barren and mineralized carbonate rocks in the Pb - Zn mining district of Mezica, Slovenia. Journal of Geochemistry Exploration, 74, 99-108. 

Importance of sorption in the geochemistry of nickel in waste rock BenoTt Plante1, Mostafa Benzaazoua1, Bruno Bussiere1, Donald Laflamme2... 

While the first method gives a quick visual overview of ranges, the second, more sophisticated method leads to a more detailed correlation. In both cases, the correspondence between stream sediment and whole rock geochemistry is not perfect since sediments represent only the weathered product of rocks (Pfleiderer et al. 2008). Lithologically homogeneous areas away from mining sites or mineralization are used to derive natural background levels. 

Bulk rock geochemistry of the Lac Cinquante deposit shows that the Archean volcanic rocks (both the mafic volcanic flows and the bimodal volcanic suite) are dominantly tholeiitic high-Fe basalts and basaltic andesites. The alternating felsic units in the bimodal suite are dacitic and rhyolitic in composition (Fig. 2). 

Pearce J.A. 1996, A user s guide to basalt discrimination diagrams. In Wyman, D.A. (ed) Trace Element Geochemistry of Volcanic Rocks Applications for Massive Sulphide Exploration. Geological Association of Canada, Short Course Notes, v.12, p.79-113. 

Since the early days of Goldschmidt or Vernadsky, geochemistry has become a mature science which now plays a central role in the Earth Sciences. More particularly, it has evolved considerably over the last fifty years. From an analytical approach with a goal of establishing the chemistry of the Earth compositions of rocks, soils, water, crust and mantle, geochemistry has become an explanatory science. 

Review of the isotope geochemistry of the transition metals is continued by Albarede (2004) in Chapter 11, where isotopic variations in Cu and Zn are discussed. The significant changes in bonding environments of Cu(I) and Cu(II) produce significant differences in 5 Cu values for oxidized and reduced Cu compounds, and isotopic variations of up to 9%o are observed in nature. Isotopic variations of Zn are significantly more restricted, where 5 Zn values vary by less than 2%o, but systematic variations are recorded in Fe-Mn nodules from the ocean floor. Measurable isotopic variations are found for Cu and Zn in sedimentary rocks, as well as ore deposits, and this remains a promising aspect of future Cu and Zn isotope studies. 

Tomascak PB, Lynton SJ, Walker RJ, Krogstad EJ (1995c) Li isotope geochemistry of the Tin Mountain pegmatite, Black Hills, South Dakota. In The Origin of Granites and Related Rocks. Brown M, Piccoli PM (eds) US Geol Surv Circ 1129 151-152... 

Ewart A. and Taylor S. R. (1969). Trace element geochemistry of rhyolitic volcanic rocks. Central North Island, New Zealand. Phenocryst data. Contrib. Mineral Petrol, 22 127-138. 

Taylor H. P. Jr. (1968). The oxygen isotope geochemistry of igneous rocks. Contrib. Mineral Petrol, 19 1-71. 

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