Geochemistry major elements

Stallard, R. F. (1980). Major element geochemistry of the Amazon River system. Ph.D. Dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Joint Program in Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, MA WHOI-80-29. 

In geochemistry, the introduction of RMs did not take place until 1951 but, once RM usage became a regular part of geochemical analysis, the consequences were not far short of amazing. For many years geochemical analysts had been concerned about the accuracy of their determinations of major elements in rocks, but it was the potential of emission spectrometry for the determination of trace elements which set off the production of the first rock Certified Reference Materials (CRMs),... 

Canfield DE (1997) The geochemistry of river particulates from the continental USA major elements. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61 3349-3365... 

Di Girolamo, P. (1978). Geotectonic setting of Miocene-Quaternary volcanism in and around the eastern Thyrrenian sea border (Italy) as deduced from major element geochemistry. Bull. Vokanol. 41, 229-250. 

Manson, V. Geochemistry of Basaltic Rocks Major Elements. In Vol. 1, Basalts Poldervart Treatise on Rocks of Basaltic Composition (ed. Hess), pp. 215-270. New York Interscience Publ. 1967. 

Volborth, A. Elemental analysis in geochemistry. Part A Major elements, 373 pp. Amsterdam Elsevier Publ. Comp. 1969. 

Stallard, R. F. 1980. Major element geochemistry of the Amazon River system. Ph.D, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. 

Our knowledge of the geochemistry and mineralogy of Venus surface primarily comes from six types of information (i) elemental analyses of several major elements by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy (ii) analyses of potassium, uranium, and thorium by y-ray spectroscopy ... 

In this chapter, we have tried to review the recent literature on trace elements in rivers, in particular by incorporating the results derived from recent ICP-MS measurements. We have favored a field approach by focusing on studies of natural hydrosystems. The basic questions which we want to address are the following What are the trace element levels in river waters What controls their abundance in rivers and fractionation in the weathering - - transport system Are trace elements, like major elements in rivers, essentially controlled by source-rock abundances What do we know about the chemical speciation of trace elements in water To what extent do colloids and interaction with solids regulate processes of trace elements in river waters Can we relate the geochemistry of trace elements in aquatic systems to the periodic table And finally, are we able to satisfactorily model and predict the behavior of most of the trace elements in hydrosystems ... 

Glenn C. R. and Arthur M. A. (1988) Petrology and major element geochemistry of Peru margin phosphorites and... 

E. E. ANGINO AND G.K. BILLINGS— ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY IN GEOLOGY A. VOLBORTH — ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS IN GEOCHEMISTRY, A MAJOR ELEMENTS... 

Parker, R.J., 1971. The petrography and major element geochemistry of phosphorite nodule deposits on the Agulhas Bank, South Africa. S. Afr. Nat. Committee Oceanogr. Res., Bull., 2 1-94. 

The effects of post melt-depletion interaction with fluid or melt components in the lithospheric mantle has been extensively documented (e.g. Menzies Hawkesworth 1987, and references therein Harte et al. 1993 Pearson 1999 ) and it is widely accepted that these phenomena dominate the minor element geochemistry of cratonic peridotites. Extensive studies of the effect of metasomatism on the major element chemistry of lithospheric peridotites have also been made (Boyd Mertzman 1987 Keleman et al. 1992, 1998 Walter 1999). To date, most of the discussion has centred around the apparent excess of orthopyroxene, especially in Kaapvaal peridotites. However, major and trace element studies show that it is likely that the abundances of garnet and clinopyroxene are also grossly affected (Burgess Harte 1999 Shimizu 1999). 

Nesbitt, H. W. Young, G. M. 1982. Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element geochemistry of lutites. Nature, 299, 715-717. 

Watts, S.H. (1977) Major element geochemistry of silcrete from a portion of inland Australia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 41, 1164-7. 

McArthur, J.M., Turner, J., Lyons, W.B. Thirlwall, M.F. (1989) Salt sources and water-rock interaction on the Yilgarn Block, Australia isotopic and major element tracers. Applied Geochemistry 4, 79-92. 

Figure 8.13 Cumulative percentages of some major and trace elements in groundwaters. Number of analyses 13,000 to 18,000 for major elements 750 to 8,000 for trace elements. Figure plotted by A. Rose using data in U.S. Geological Survey data bank. From A. W. Rose, H. E. Hawkes, and J. S. Webb. Geochemistry in mineral exploration, 2d ed. Copyright 1979. Used by permission.

A. VOLBORTH — ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS IN GEOCHEMISTRY. A MAJOR ELEMENTS... 

This chapter will examine the ways in which major element data axe used in geochemistry. The discussion will be restricted to the ten elements traditionally listed as oxides in a major element chemical analysis — Si, Ti, Al, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ca, Na, K and P. Geochemists make use of major element data in three principal ways — in rock classification, in the construction of variation diagrams and as a means of comparison with experimentally determined rock compositions, whose conditions of formation are known. Each of these uses will be discussed in a separate section of this chapter. In addition, major elements are used, often together with trace elements, in the identification of the original tectonic setting of igneous and some sedimentary rocks. This topic will be discussed in Chapter 5. 

After being transferred to the seabed sediments through the deposition of suspended particulates, the concentrations of major elements in particulate matter would generally differ from those in sediments. On the one hand, the transformation between the particulate form and dissolved form will change the major elements concentrations. The uptake and excretion processes of organisms also have an influence on the geochemistry characteristics of the major elements. When the major elements were transferred to the seabed sediments, they were redistributed, therefore their concentrations varied subsequently. Table 5.33 summarizes and tabulates their concentrations and fluxes. 

Lowenstein, T. K., R. J. Spencer, W. Yang, E. Casas, P. Zhang, B. Zhang, H. Fan H. R. Krouse, 1994. Major-element and stable-isotope geochemistry of fluid inclusions in halite, Qaidam Basin, western China Implications for late Pleistocene/Holocene brine evolution and paleoclimates. In Rosen, M. R. (ed.) Paleoclimate and Basin Evolution of Playa Systems. Geol. Soc. Am. Special... 

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