Genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics

The triumphant success of the Human Genome Project has created, almost instantly, three new fields devoted to the study of proteins. They are genomics (here, we particularly refer to structural genomics), proteomics, and bioinformatics. 

FIGURE 18.13 See color insert. Structure of a ribosome. [Source Yusupov, et al., Science 292, 883 (2001). With permissions from AAAS. Original in color.] 

Cambridge Healthtech Institute, Newton Upper Falls, Massachusetts, U.S.A. 

Biotechnology has been used since the 1970s as a means for producing biopharmaceuticals, but its roles in R D are quite different from those in manufacturing. 

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Kero, F. H., Pedder, R. E., and Yost, R. A. (2005). Quadrupole mass analyzers Theoretical and practical considerations. In Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Part 3 Proteomics. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ. 

Campbell, A.M., and L.J. Heyer. Discovering Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics. 2nd ed. Boston Benjamin Cummings, 2005. 

Campbell AM, Heyer IJ, Discovering genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics. San Francisco Benjamin/ Cummings, 2002. 

Science News, presented by BIO, the Biotechnology Industry Organization. URL http //science.bio.org/. Newsfeed includes global health, genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics, emerging and regenerative medicine, vaccines and therapeutics agritech and bioethics biotech policy. 

The measurement and interpretation of expression levels of genes and proteins is at the center of today s attention in genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics. The goal is to create a detailed differential functional picture of the cell s inner workings, as it is determined by the cell state at hand. Cell states can be influenced and determined by external environmental factors (temperature, pH, chemical stress factors), and by internal factors such as the cell belonging to a special tissue or be in a certain disease state. 

Natale, D.A., Vinayaka, C.R. and Wu, C.H., Large-scale, classification-driven, rule-based functional annotation of proteins. In Subramaniam, S. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics. Proteomics Volume. 2005. 

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