Genetically marker

Fig. 3. Homologous chromosomes having evenly spaced genetic markers (1 9). The segregation of the or quantitative trait loci (QTL) can be followed using marker 2. Polymorphisms within marker 2 can be used to foUow the segregation of the genes within the QTL, even though the exact location or...

Microorganisms Primary mutation Genetic markers or culture conditions which Yield, mg/mL References... 

A study that investigates the statistical associations between a phenotype and a very large number of genetic markers supposed to inform on the global variability of the genome. Because GWA studies do not rely on a priori knowledge, they may lead to the discovery of new causes of disease. 

S. Rosendhal and J. W. Taylor, Development of multiple genetic markers for studies of genetic variation in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi using AFLP. Mol. Ecol. 6 821 (1997). 

In 1993/1994 a series of publications caused a stir in the AD research community, since for the first time they linked a specific neuropathological process in late-onset AD to a genetic marker. Researchers looking at the composition of plaques found that the protein apolipoprotein E (ApoE) was associated with p-amyloid in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AD patients (Strittmatter et al., 1993). The gene for ApoE is on the same human chromosome (number 19) which was a risk factor in some AD pedigrees. The gene for ApoE comes in three versions (alleles) Apo s2, Apo s3 and, most importantly, Apo s4 these result in three slightly different variants of the protein. Humans carry two versions of the allele and so can have none, one or two of any of the versions of the Apo... 

Gasser, R.B., Stewart, L.E. and Speare, R. (1996) Genetic markers in ribosomal DNA for hookworm identification. Acta Tropica 62,15-21. 

Romstad, A., Gasser, R.B., Monti, J.R., Polderman, A.M., Nansen, P., Pit, D.S. and Chilton, N.B. (1997a) Differentiation of Oesophagostomum bifurcumirom Necator americanus by PCR using genetic markers in spacer ribosomal DNA. Molecular Cell Probes 11, 169-176. 

Anderson, T.J.C., Blouin, M.S. and Beech, R.N. (1998) Population biology of parasitic nematodes application of genetic markers. Advances in Parasitology 41, 220-283. 

Gasser, R.B. and Hoste, H. (1995) Genetic markers for closely-related parasitic nematodes. Molecular and Cellular Probes 9, 315—320. 

Gasser, RB., LeGoff, L., Petit, G. and Bain, O. (1996d) Rapid delineation of closely-related filarial parasites using genetic markers in spacer rDNA. Acta Tropica 62, 143—150. 

Newton, L.A., Chilton, N.B., Beveridge, I., Hoste, H., Nansen, P. and Gasser, R.B. (1998a) Genetic markers for strongylid nematodes of livestock defined by PCR-based restriction analysis of spacer rDNA. Acta Tropica 69,1-15. 

Williams, J.G.K., Kubelik, A.R., Livak, K.J., Rafalski, J.A. and Tingey, S.V. (1990) DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acids Research 18, 6531-6535. 

Pritchard JK, Rosenberg NA. Use of unlinked genetic markers to detect population stratification in association studies. Am J Hum Genet 1999 65[l] 220-228. 

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