Genetic toxicity mutagenesis

There are three types of effect mutagenesis, aneugenesis, and clastogenesis, and all three are implicated in cancer development. However, genetic toxicity is not essential for cancer development as a result of chemical exposure. 

Dieldrin has been undergoing in vitro mutagenesis/genetic toxicity testing (CH0 cells) to have been completed in 1985. Testing on endrin for mammalian mutagenesis/genetic toxicity (mouse lymphoma cells) was to have started in 1985 (ref. 89, pp. 37 and 49). 

Mutagenesis/genetic toxicity studies of AN were scheduled to be initiated in FY 85 (NIEHS, ref. 70, p. 40). 

The NIEHS has sponsored a carcinogenicity study with 4-nitrophenol to be conducted FY 1990 by Litton Bionetics, Inc. (NTP 1990). In addition, NIEHS sponsored a mutagenesis/genetic toxicity study with 4-nitrophenol to be completed FY 1990 the performing organization was not specified (NTP 1990). An acute/chronic toxicity study on 4-nitrophenol sponsored by the FDA was to be completed FY 1990 (NTP 1990). 4-Nitrophenol has been selected for a... 

Lautraite, S. et al., Flavonoids inhibit genetic toxicity produced by carcinogens in cells expressing CYP1A2 and CYPlAl,Mutagenesis, 17,45,2002. 

Mutagenesis is concerned with toxic effects on the genetic material and the inheritance of these effects. 

Mutagenesis The production of mutation occurring in the genetic store of organisms because of toxic chemicals. 

Recent additions to the toxicity test protocols may now require formulized examinations for genetic effects (i.e., teratogenesis, mutagenesis, reproduction) as well as determination of the metabolic alterations of the additive and their disposition. Each of these activities has become an important sub-branch of toxicity testing. 

Prieto, R. Fernandez, E. (1993) Toxicity of and mutagenesis by chlorate are independent of nitrate reductase activity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Mol. Gen. Genet 237,429-438. 

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