Genes violence

Several studies have discussed the relationship between serum cholesterol and suicide, violence, anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, and schizophrenia [1-3]. Some of these papers suggested that low or lowering cholesterol levels could cause or worsen depressive symptoms and increase the risks of suicide and violence death. There are many reports that discussed the relationships between the lipid profiles, depression, and suicide from the viewpoints of decreased serotonergic transmission on suicide behavior [4, 5], lower serum cholesterol and serotonin levels [6, 7], serum cholesterol levels and polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene for depression and suicide [8-10], low serum cholesterol and suicide risk [11, 12], and serotonergic receptor function [13, 14]. These studies supported the hypothesis that reduced cholesterol levels resulted in reduced central serotonin transmission. 

Diseases result from genetic factors and from the deleterious effects of things in the environment, from microbes, trauma, violence, or deficient diets. They often involve abnormalities in molecular processes affected by both genetic and environmental factors. Diseases, including heart disease, diabetes, cancer, mental illnesses, and age-related disorders, are complex, influenced by many different genes, that affect many processes. 

Since then, there has been a reproductive advantage to those whose genes encode altruistic, rather than aggressive or violent behavior. Survival and reproduction are enhanced by societal rules, freedom of the individual, and secular governments. Genes that encode kindness and altruism supplement those encoding selfishness and violence. 

Good and bad persons differ in what it takes to activate the genes that express altruism or violence. Some people can become so angry that they would rather fight than accept what they view as intolerable. They can act like savages if sufficiently provoked. 

Genetic factors are clearly involved. The MAOA gene, located on the X chromosome, is involved in the metabolism of dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin. Low MAO activity behavior was the first gene strongly linked to violence and antisocial behavior. 

Violence is the result of interactions of innate genetic factors and environmental factors. For example, criminals in Taipei had abnormalities of the gene encoding the 5-HTT (serotonin transporter) related to violent criminal behavior (Liaoa, 2004). Serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) transporters in violent criminals were found to be less than in sex-matched healthy controls, when studied with single-photon emission tomography and iodine-123-carbomethoxy-4-iodophenyl tropane ( l-CIT) (Tiihonen et al.. University of Kuopio, Finland). Richard J. Davidson et al. of the University of Wisconsin showed that the serotonergic projections in the prefrontal cortex are dysfunctional in persons who are impulsively violent. 

Specific genes have been correlated with violence, excessive aggressiveness and other undesirable traits, but also with intelligence, creativity, entrepreneurship, competitive drive, and mental stamina. Gender and hormonal factors clearly affect aggressive behavior, which is more of a problem in men than in women. For example, in experiments using PET, aggressive behavior has been correlated with a specific enzyme in the human brain that metabolizes epinephrine, dopamine, and 5-HT. 

Some consider crime as a disease, and war a malignant disease. St Paul said, The good I would, I do not, and that I would not, that I do. 0 wretched man that I am. Abraham, Jesus, Mohammed, and Buddha created laws that could control aggressiveness and violence, and help people achieve peace and tranquility. Did these characteristics for good result in an increase the reproductive capability of those persons whose mutant genes encoded altruism ... 

The promiscuous array of U.K. identity markers, which dilutes the purity of his fictional character, prepares us to look at a strand of parentage that some will find more shocking than Bond s sex and crael violence. Before considering the mythic patterns of character, action, and setting that define him as an American superhero, it would be wise to place his celluloid genes under the microscope. 

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