General Biological Properties

By 1987 we had substantial evidence that bryostatins 1 and 2 reacted in a synergistic fashion with recombinant B-cell stimulatory factor/inter-leukin 4 to stimulate resting T-cells to proliferate and differentiate into cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (62). At the same time interleukin-2 (IL-2) development of cytotoxicity was greatly enhanced (62, 63) suggesting that the bryostatins may allow the clinical dose of the hazardous recombinant IL-2 to be considerably reduced. In a related study concerned with the effects of bryostatin 1 on IL-2 and y-interferon synthesis by ionophore A23187 or mitogen-induced human blood lymphocytes we found the production of these two lymphokines to be increased 10-100 fold (63). Interestingly, bryostatin 1 was also found (64) to effectively block T-cell proliferation induced by a phorbol (PMA). 

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This is the reason why in our investigation we studied the influence of pristine fullerene C60 to different biological objects in order to evaluate, first of all, the general biological properties of pristine fullerene (Kiselev et al., 1998a, b Sushko et al., 1999 Piotrovsky et al., 2000 Podol skii et al., 2002 Podolski... 

A more complete discussion of the general biological properties of IgE, which applies to many species, is given in Chapter 3. 

General Biological Properties and Methods of Steriluation of Antibacterial... 

A summary of the general biological properties of the antibacterial substances and methods of sterilization of solutions is given in Table IV. The methods of sterilization are those in the literature and others selected after consideration of the chemical properties of the substances. Usually the acidic and neutral substances can be sterilized by filtration through a sintered-glass filter or through a Seitz pad. 

The present review covers the literature to the end of 1967 and all original sources have been consulted. Syntheses of each of the four ring systems are summarized separately, but physical, chemical, and biological properties are considered generally. Many pjTidopyri-midines were initially synthesized for a study of biological activity or physical properties because of the close structural relationship of these systems to the quinazolines (5) and pteridines (6). Recent reviews have discussed these related compounds. 

Criteria for biological properties may be project specific, but ADME property and physical property criteria are generally invariant. Lead profiles will be addressed in more detail in the section on parallel optimization. 

Because the only general review13 on these compounds in this Series dates back to 1946, it seems pertinent to recall the main structural features of these polysaccharides. (For extensive discussions on the structure and the physicochemical and biological properties of GAG, see Refs. 8,10, and 13-18.)... 

Fruits and vegetables are generally high in water and low in fat, and, in addition to vitamins and minerals, they contain significant amounts of dietary fiber (DF) and phytochemicals—mainly polyphenols and carotenoids—with significant biological properties, including antioxidant activity. 

Although vehicle control animals are not required for commonly used vehicles (water, oil, methylcellulose), most regulations require that the biological properties of a vehicle be known and/or that historical data be available. Unfortunately, the best solvents are generally toxic and, thus, cannot be used as vehicles. Ethanol and acetone can be tolerated in relatively high doses but produce effects that may complicate interpretation of toxicity associated with the test material alone. It is sometimes possible to dissolve a material in a small amount of one of these vehicles and then dilute the solution in water or in oil. 

In vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) is a general term that refers to a relationship between a biological property produced by a dosage form and a physicochemical characteristic of the same dosage form (1). Establishment of an IVIVC could... 

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