Gender-based violence

Zero tolerance for gender-based violence [Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, 2010a]. 

Recognizing male experiences of gender-based violence has been welcomed by many gender analysts, whilst others argue that addressing this issue detracts academic and policy attention from, and limited financial resources for, women and girls. 

Carpenter, C. (2006) Recognizing Gender-Based Violence against Civilian Men and Boys in Conflict Situatiorrs. Security Dialogue 37 83-103. 

Stark, L., and Ager, A. (2011) A Systematic Review of Prevalence Studies of Gender Based Violence in Complex Emergencies. Trauma, Violence, Abuse 12(3) 127-34. 

Most Colombian IDPs are Afro-Colombian and indigenous communities, particularty in areas such as the Pacific Coast and borders with Ecuador and Venezuela. Half of the IDP population is Mng in urban centres, parity for the reason that 70,000 landmines affect 22 per cent of the Colombian teiiitoiy. The IDP concentration in urban (p. 660) centres renders them—and particularty female IDPs—more vulnerable according to the UN EntHy for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women 50 per cent of displaced women are victims of sexual and other forms of gender-based violence. 

The 1951 Convention is sometimes portrayed today as a relic of the Cold War, inadequate in the face of new refugees from ethnic violence and gender-based persecution, (p. 45) insensitive to security concerns, particulariy terrorism and organized crime, and even redundant, given the protection now due in principle to everyone under international human rights law. 

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