Gelatin replacement

Food and beverage processing represents an expanding area for process-scale microfiltration. Already in place are clarification systems for wine and beer, sugar, and gelatin, replacing existing practices such as diatomaceous earth filtration. Less attractive economically are miscellaneous waste treatment applications, for which microfiltration is often a sophisticated but expensive alternative. 

Gelatin (replaced by synthetic polymers) 5-10 Strong adhesive, hence used in lozenges gels when cold not very popular in tropical climates... 

Use Alows complete hydration as a gelatin replacement in confection, dairy, and low fat applications. 

There have been excellent reviews published in recent years as related to gelatin replacement for microencapsulation. Table 12.2 lists some of the examples of non-gelatin based complex coacervation systems. Proteins derived from plants, such as pea protein, - wheat protein," ° soy protein, whey protein from dairy products, " chitosan from marine crustaceans, and collagen have been used to replace gelatin in complex coacervation. 

Chem. Descrip. Carrageenan CAS 9000-07-1 EINECS/ELINCS 232-524-2 Uses Gellant, binder, film-former for confectionery coatings, bakery glazes/ icings, personal care, pharmaceuticals, toothpaste gelatin replacement in vegetarian foods... 

To prepare a gelatinous expl, mix with stirring 4 pts of collodion cotton dissolved in 10 pts of acet, 6 pts of nitrated glue , and 1 pt of castor oil (to increase the flexibility of the product). After evapg the acet, the mass can be cartridged To prepare a granular expl, the above procedure is used, except that the castor oil is replaced by an equal wt of mononitronaphthalene. About 80% of the acet is evapd, and the mass extruded in any desired shape. Or, the acet can be almost completely removed, and the mass rolled into sheets which can be cut to any desired size... 

The reported effect of konjac GaM on the glass transition of high-sugar/polysaccharide mixtures [242] can be utilized in sugar, hard-boiled and frozen confectionery products and might replace gelatin, which is refused by some consumers due to diet and health problems. 

Soft gelatin capsules are not an inexpensive dosage form, particularly when compared to direct compression tablets [3]. There is a more intimate contact between the shell and its liquid contents than exists with dry-filled hard gelatin capsules, which increases the possibility of interactions. For instance, chloral hydrate formulated with an oily vehicle exerts a proteolytic effect on the gelatin shell however, the effect is greatly reduced when the oily vehicle is replaced with polyethylene glycol [3]. 

Many other methods of making lead azide in a safe form have been described, but the only one to have found commercial importance consists of replacing the dextrine by a small proportion of gelatine. When properly made this form of lead azide is as safe to handle as the dextrinated form and has improved sensitiveness to flame. It can therefore be used by itself in electric and delay detonators, but not in plain detonators as it is not ignited with certainty by safety fuse. 

Pectin does have some compatibility with other gelling agents. In particular it is used in conjunction with gelatine. Pectin suppliers claim that up to 25% of the gelatine can be replaced without significantly altering the texture. The benefit of the replacement is of course purely... 

Oral pancreatic enzyme supplements are available as powders, uncoated or coated tablets, capsules, enteric-coated spheres and microspheres, or enteric-coated microtablets encased in a cellulose or gelatin capsule (Table 28-2). Microencapsulated enteric-coated products are not superior to recommended doses of conventional non-enteric-coated enzyme preparations. The quantity of active lipase delivered to the duodenum appears to be a more important determinant in pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy than the dosage form. GI side effects appear to be dose related but occur less frequently with enteric-coated products. 

Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) is a colorless crystalline solid that is very sensitive to initiation by a primary explosive. It is a powerful secondary explosive that has a great shattering effect. It is used in commercial blasting caps, detonation cords, and boosters. PETN is not used in its pure form because it is too sensitive to friction and impact. It is usually mixed with plasticized nitrocellulose or with synthetic rubbers to form PBXs. The most common form of explosive composition containing PETN is Pentolite, a mixture of 20 to 50% PETN and TNT. PETN can be incorporated into gelatinous industrial explosives. The military has in most cases replaced PETN with RDX because RDX is more thermally stable and has a longer shelf life. PETN is insoluble in water, sparingly soluble in alcohol, ether, and benzene, and soluble in acetone and methyl acetate. 

Gelatin colloids consist of cross-Unked peptide chains obtained from collagen. They are employed for blood replacement, but not for hemodilution, in circulatory disturbances. 

Abel of England and Trauzl of Austria proposed to replace kieselguhr with Guncotton as absorbent for NG. The resulting expl was exudable because GC was not gelatinized (Vol 5 of Encycl, p D1587-R)... 

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