Gelatin nanospheres

Truong-Le VL, Walsh SM, Schweibert E, Mao HQ, Guggino WB, August JT, Leong KW (1999) Gene transfer by DNA-gelatin nanospheres. Arch Biochem Biophys 361(l) 47-56... 

Techniques based on the use of proteins are much more adapted to the encapsulation of hydrosoluble compounds and were recently developed to produce gelatin nanospheres as carrier systems for gene delivery.t l... 

Poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PLA) nanospheres containing testosterone, with a particle size of 450 nm, were first produced by Vanderhoff et al. [83]. Microfluidization produced spherical particles of less than 200 nm with a narrow size distribution [84]. Krause et al. [85] produced PLA nanoparticles of 500 nm using sonication. The polymer and drug, triamcinolone acetonide, were dissolved in chloroform and emulsified, with sonication, for 45 minutes at 15 °C in a gelatin solution. The solvent was evaporated by heating to 40 °C for 45 minutes under continuous stirring. TEM... 

Polymer nanoparticles including nanospheres and nanocapsules (Fig. 1) can be prepared according to numerous methods that have been developed over the last 30 years. The development of these methods occurred in several steps. Historically, the first nanoparticles proposed as carriers for therapeutic applications were made of gelatin and cross-linked albumin. Then, to avoid the use of proteins that may stimulate the immune system and to limit the toxicity of the cross-linking agents, nanoparticles made from synthetic polymers were developed. At first, the nanoparticles were made by emulsion polymerization of acrylamide and by dispersion polymerization of methylmethacry-late.f These nanoparticles were proposed as adjuvants for vaccines. However, since they were made of non-biodegradable polymers, these nanoparticles were rapidly substituted by particles made of biodegradable... 

In simple coacervation or gelification (500 pm to 2 mm), an emulsion of oil in an aqueous solution of a polymer/substance able to form a gel, is prepared. By changing pH, tanperature, or adding salts, the substance will precipitate around the drops (alginate/CaClj gelatine hot/cooled oil). Then particles are separated and dried. Essential oils in zein (proteins) nanospherical particles (100 nm) were prepared by phase separation, and then lyophilized (Parris et al., 2005). 

Curcio M, Altimari I, Spizzirri UG, Cirillo G, Vittorio 0, Puoci F, Picci N, lemma F (2013). Biodegradable gelatin-based nanospheres as pH-responsive drug delivery systems./Nanopart Res, 15,1581. 

Polymeric nanoparticles are nanoparticles, which are prepared from polymers. Polymeric nanoparticles forms (1) the micronization of a material into nanoparticles and (2) the stabilization of the resultant nanoparticles [8]. As for the micronization, one can start with either small monomers or a bulk polymer. The dmg is dissolved, entrapped, encapsulated or attached to a nanoparticles and one can obtain different nanoparticles, nanospheres or nanocapsules according to methods of preparation [9]. Gums, Gelatin Sodium alginate Albumin are used for polymer based drag delivery. Polymeric nanoparticles are prepared by Cellulosics, Poly(2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate), Poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone), Poly(vinyl alcohol), Poly(methyl methacrylate), Poly(acrylic acid). Polyacrylamide, Poly(ethylene-co-vi-nyl acetate) like polymeric materials. Polymer used in drag delivery must have following qualities like it should be chemically inert, non-toxic and free of leachable impurities [10]. 

---