Gelatin derivatives

Many amino-acjds are easily identified as their 3,5-dinitroben2oyl derivatives (Saunders, Biochem. Jour., 1934, 28, 580 1942, 36, 368). Cystine, however, forms a gelatinous derivative, but is readily identified by special tests. Tyrosine does not form a derivative under these conditions. 

This second band was readily differentiated from the former and control experiments carried out in the absence of silver demonstrated that the 570-band was caused by interaction of the dye with the specific gelatin derivative used in that system. 

Gelatin Derived from denatured collagen, its isoelectric point can be manipulated during formation to control charge. It has been modified for extended release of genetic material (61-63)... 

The optical rotatory parameters for some carefully studied collagens (and the gelatins derived from them by mild heating) are summarized in... 

Quat-ColL Ptooks Industries] Quaternary collagen or gelatin derivs. to hair and skin care cosmedcs. 

Excellent summaries have been prepared concerning the results of past attempts to arrive at the amino-acid contents of collagens and the gelatins derived therefrom (31, 38). Table III collects together the information suitable for a comparison of the class members of predominant present interest. It is desired to consider to what extent the chemical data parallel the results of the physical comparisons of the collagens. 

There are, of course, many studies of the composition of gelatins derived from mammalian sources and from fish skins. In Table III the relatively recently available results on the whole collagens have been cited. Mammalian collagen is represented largely by the analyses summarized by Bowes and Kenten (40), performed on a preparation of ox hide. The data account for nearly 100% of the total substance and have been found in reasonable agreement with acid-base titration curves. This set of values may be used to define a standard collagen with which other substances may be compared. 

Protein-based materials such as polypeptone, soy protein, milk proteins, and gelatin derivatives are able to form stable emulsions with hydrophobic compounds. However, their solubilities in cold water, the potential to react with carbonyls, and their high cost limit potential applications. 

Recently, interesting results have been obtained in a comparative study on the immunogenicity of gelatin and the three types of clinically used gelatin derivatives (Sonneborn et al. 1978). In rabbits and guinea pigs, marked humoral immune re-... 

No atopic background is usually demonstrable in patients experiencing anaphylactoid reactions to gelatin derivatives. Ring (1978 a) found no history of allergy in six of seven patients with reactions of grade II to III. 

This test was negative in patients who had experienced anaphylactoid reactions to gelatin derivatives, indicating absence of specific cell-mediated hypersensitivity (Ring 1978 a). Further, the T- and B-cell functions were considered normal as measured by stimulation of the lymphocytes with phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen. 

The role of impurities in elicitation of anaphylactoid reactions to modified fluid gelatin has been discussed by Lundsgaard-Hansen and Tschirren (1978, 1980). They point out that the accumulations of reactions, which they observed, could be due to variations in contaminant levels between batches. The fact that a number of the severe reactions were elicited only after infusion of the second or third unit is in favor of the view that the gelatin derivative itself is not the responsible agent. 

The clinical applications of gelatin derivatives have been reviewed by Gruber (1969), Lundsgaard-Hansen et al. (1969), Lutz (1975), and Lundsgaard-Han-... 

SEN and Tschirren (1978). For particular pharmacologic and biologic effects of gelatin derivatives, see the following literature red cell aggregation (Thorsen and Hint 1950) and kidney function (Griem et al. 1964a,b,c Cottier et al. 1966). 

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