Gel electrophoresis method

Myers, R.M., Maniatis, T. and Lerman, L.S. (1987) Detection and localization of single base changes by denaturing gel electrophoresis. Methods in Enzymology 155, 501-527. 

Stothard, J.R., Frame, IA. and Miles, MA. (1997) Use of polymerase chain reaction-based single strand conformational polymorphism and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis methods for detection of sequence variation of ribosomal DNA of Trypanosoma cruzi. International Journal for Parasitology 27, 339-343. 

Lerman LS, Silverstein (1987) Computational simulation of DNA melting and its application to denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Methods Enzymol 155 482-501... 

Dunn, M.J. Corbett, J.M. (1996) Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Methods Enzymol. 271, 177-203. 

A. Bartlett, Validation of Bioanalytical Capillary Gel Electrophoresis Methods for the Determination of Oligonucleotides, LCGC 2002,20, 856. 

Laskey, R A. (1980) The use of intensifying screens or orgamc scintillators for visualizing radioactive molecules resolved by gel electrophoresis. Methods Enzymol 65,363-371... 

Gamer, M. M and Revzin, A. (1981) A gel-electrophoresis method for quantifying the binding of proteins to specific DNA regions—application to components of the Escherichia coll lactose operon regulatory system Nucleic Acids Res 9, 3047-3060. 

The comparative gel electrophoresis method sets out to compare the relative angles included between pairs of helical arms radiating from a junction of three or more helices (Cooper and Hagerman, 1987 Duckett et al., 1988 Gough and Lilley, 1985). In a junction with n helical arms, there are "C2 combinations of the arms taken two at a time, where... 

Camden, Australia An improved one-dimensional gel electrophoresis method was used to separate three waxy proteins in wheat starch 261... 

Examples of the gel electrophoresis method to establish the rafAON concentration standards prepared in control human plasma and a representative standard curve are shown in Fig. 3a. Example of validating the integrity of rafAON (15-mer) is shown in Fig. 3b. Examples of the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution profiles of md-LErafAON in PC-3 tumor-bearing mice are shown in Figs. 4 and 5, and Tables 1 and 2 (see Notes 15 and 16). 

Gamer, M.M., Revzin, A. (1981) A Gel Electrophoresis Method for Quantifying the Binding of Proteins to Specific DNA Regions Applications to Components of the Escherichia coli Lactose Operon Regulatory System, Nucleic Acids Res. 9, 3047-3060. 

Walker JM (1984) Gradient SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Methods Mol Biol 1 57-61... 

Crothers, D. M. Drak, J. Global features of DNA structures by comparative gel electrophoresis. Methods Enzymol. 1992 212B 46-47. 

Cash, P. and Kroll, J.S. 2003, Protein characterization by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Methods in Molecular Medicine 71 101-118. 

Very valuable information on the energy and conformation characteristics of ccDNA has arisen from experiments in which the value of Lk could vary, and the equilibrium distribution of the cc molecules over the Lk value was studied. The most convenient way to vary Lk is to employ special enzymes we have already mentioned above, the topoisomerases. The studies under discussion employed type I topoisomerases, which alter the topological state of ccDNA by breaking and rejoining only one of the strands of the double helix. The mechanism of action of these enzymes has been elaborated in great details (Wang, 1996 [86]). These enzymes relax the distribution of the molecules over the Lk value to its equilibrium state. The very sensitive gel- electrophoresis method was used to analyze the distribution of the ccDNA molecules over the Lk value. This method can easily separate two molecules of ccDNA that differ in Lk just by one. 

Laskey, R. (1980). The Use of Intensifying Screens or Organic Scintillators for Visualizing Radioactive Molecules Resolved by Gel Electrophoresis, Methods Enzymol. 65 363-371. 

Intemucleosomal DNA fragmentation is the result of activation of the endogenous endonuclease in apoptotic cells. The traditional gel electrophoresis method for the analysis of DNA fragmentation is labor-intensive. However, a microfluidic device has been developed which integrates the selection of individual cells, the lysis of cells, and the separation of the released apoptotic DNA fragments. 

Nanorods have also been used to isolate and separate biomolecules, due to their size compatibility, e.g. carbon nanotubes have been employed in gel electrophoresis methods to improve the separation of human serum proteins, and arrays of Sn02 nanowires are found to both unravel and separate long DNA molecules. Furthermore, biomolecules themselves have been engineered for use as nanowires, with a myriad of applications." " " ... 

In this section, two representative possibilities of the application of gel electrophoresis methods are mentioned (a) the determination of the molecular weight of proteins with the use of gel-filled capillary electrophoresis and (b) the determination of molecular weight of very large fragments of DNA by pulse field gel electrophoresis. 

CRABP from bovine retina has one binding site for retinoic acid (Saari et al., 1978a). The apparent dissociation constant for a pure preparation of rat testicular CRABP has been estimated by fluorometric titration to 4.1 x M (Ong and Chytil, 1978b). Human breast tissue CRABP was reported to have an apparent dissociation constant of 2.5 X 10 " M, when determined by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis method (Rung et al., 1980). 

Wong, J. H. Yano, H. Lee, Y. M. Cho, M. J. Buchanan, B. B. Identiflcation of thioredoxin-linked proteins by fluorescence labeling combined with isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Methods Enzymol 2002, 347, 339-349. 

Friedman DB, Hoving S, Westermeier R 2009. Isoelectric focusing and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Methods Enzymology 463 515-540. 

The SDS-acrylamide gel electrophoretic method used by Hoober and coworkers separates the proteins designed by Eytan and Ohad as L protein(s) into three fractions polypeptides a, b, and c. Modifications of the SDS-gel electrophoresis method according to Laemli yield still another pattern in which the L protein(s) are separated into four bands (III, IV, Va, Vb). " ... 

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