Gearing, financial

The extent of this should be inversely proportional to the manufact " ers experience and directly proportional to the financial consequence lost production. For example, blank gear sets will allow speed char Material for guide vanes and impellers will accommodate modificati to aerodynamic performance. Spare material will offset the risk of rna ial dofcct. 

Financial structure - Ae funding structure will require a detailed evaluation of Ae capital lequiiement and Ae bdance between equity or ri k capital and loans. The proposed gearing will indicate Ae potential reward for the providers of equity and will also be an important indication in any proposal for project finance of Ae way m which Ae developers have considered Ae allocation of risk. Lenders like to see proposals which show Aat these principles have been understood and will gam confidence m Ae developers if Ac proposed financial structure of Ae project takes them into account. 

Until recently in the United States, most biological defense strategies have been geared to protecting soldiers on the battlefield rather than ordinary people in cities. Financial cutbacks have limited the tracking of disease outbreaks. Some outbreaks, such as food poisoning due to E. coli or Salmonella, could be of either natural or deliberate origin. 

For factual and financial reasons in view of the cuts in the budget, the BSIT decided in 1976 to base biotechnology at ETH Zurich to begin with. Since EPF Lausanne had no biology department and the department at Lausanne University was not geared to direct co-operation, the choice of ETH Zurich - with its technical microbiology and molecular genetics - was obvious. 

In practice, gearing often is created after cosmetic considerations (e.g., to fulfill the requirements of the rating agencies or the financial ratios of (benchmark) competitors or to optimize the effect of financing costs on profit per share).There is no (theoretical) model connecting those components to shareholder value. 

Financial resources— The financial capability to gear up for increased production demand can affect a supplier s performance. 

The authors acknowledge the contribution of Dr K J Sharif and Dr M J A Holmes (Cardiff University) and Mr C Aylott (Newcastle University) in providing some of the figures in the paper. Financial support for the research was provided by the British Gear Association and EPSRC. 

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