Gastrointestinal tract vomiting

Symptoms of exposure Produces skin burns. Causes eye irritation on contact. Inhalation may cause irritation of the respiratory tract. Acute toxic effects following ingestion may include corrosion of mouth and gastrointestinal tract, vomiting, diarrhea, ulceration, bleeding from intestines and circulatory collapse (Patnaik, 1992 Windholz et al., 1983). An irritation concentration of 25.00 mg/m in air was reported by Ruth (1986). 

Symptoms of Exposure Skin and eye irritant. Symptoms of ingestion include nausea, irritation of the gastrointestinal tract, vomiting, cramps and diarrhea. 

Ipecac is prepared from the dried roots and rhizomes of Cephaelis ipecacuanha (Brot.) A. Rich, and contains the alkaloids emetine [483-18-1] (17) and cephaeJine [483-17-0] (18) in a ratio between 2 1 and 4 1. It has been used extensively in cough preparations and is beheved to act by gastric reflex stimulation. Toxic effects include vomiting, irritation of the gastrointestinal tract, and cardiac arrhythmias (19). Ipecac symp is available over-the-counter in the United States only in 30-mL containers for use as an emetic in treating poisonings. 

In the gastrointestinal tract, drugs or toxins, as well as mechanical stimulation, induce emesis by activation of sensory receptors on afferent neurons in the vagus and sympathetic nerves. Information is relayed to the vomiting centre via the nucleus tractus solitarius... 

The most common adverse reactions seen with this drug are related to the gastrointestinal tract and may include nausea, anorexia, and occasionally vomiting and diarrhea The most serious adverse reactions are associated widi die CNS and include seizures and numbness of die extremities. Hypersensitivity reactions also may be seen. Thrombophlebitis may occur widi intravenous (IV) use of die drug. 

Gastrointestinal tract—nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, epigastric pain, indigestion, abdominal distress or discomfort, intestinal ulceration, stomatitis, jaundice, bloating, anorexia, and dry mouth... 

Gastrointestinal tract—nausea, vomiting, difficulty in swallowing, heartburn... 

Very large doses can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and prostration. Dehydration and congestion occur in most internal organs. Hypertonic solutions can produce violent inflammatory reactions in the gastrointestinal tract. 

Gastroenteritis Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract causing nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. 

Cartwright [124] reported that miconazole was slightly absorbed from epithelial and mucosal surface. The drug is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, but caused nausea and vomiting in some patients. The drug may be given intravenously but was associated phlebitis. Up to 90% of the active compound was bound to plasma protein. Distribution into other body compartments was poor. Metabolism was primarily in the liver, and only metabolites were excreted in the urine. At therapeutic levels, they were relatively nontoxic both locally and systematically, but occasionally produced disturbances on the central nervous system. 

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