Gastrointestinal tract hormones secreted

Gastrointestinal tract Inhibition of most gut hormones, gastric acid, pepsin, bile and colonic fluid secretion... 

A high rate of ethanol consumption can lead to inhibition of gastric secretion and irritation of the gastric mucosa. Ethanol irritates the entire gastrointestinal tract, which may lead to constipation and diminished absorption of nutrients. Other pathological effects include pancreatitis and peripheral neuropathy. Severe gonadal failure is often found in both men and women, accompanied by low blood levels of sex hormones. 

C. Carcinoid tumors arise from neuroendocrine cells of the gut and secrete serotonin and gastrointestinal hormones, which activate the gastrointestinal tract and result in diarrhea. Most of these tumors have receptors for somatostatin, which inhibit secretion when activated, resulting in reduced activity of the gut. Octreotide is a stable analogue of... 

Endothelins are widely distributed in the body. ET-1 is the predominant endothelin secreted by the vascular endothelium. It is also produced by neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system and in endometrial, renal mesangial, Sertoli, breast epithelial, and other cells. ET-2 is produced predominantly in the kidneys and intestine, whereas ET-3 is found in highest concentration in the brain but is also present in the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and kidneys. Endothelins are present in the blood but in low concentration they apparently act locally in a paracrine or autocrine fashion rather than as circulating hormones. 

There is a formidable array of polypeptide hormones of the gastrointestinal tract that includes secretin, pancreo-zymin-cholecy.stokinin. gastrin, motilin. neurotensin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, somatostatin, and others. The biosynthesis. chemistry, secretion, and actions of these hormones have been reviewed. ... 

Somatostatin. Somatostatin, also called growth hormone-inhibiting hormone, is a 14-amino-acid peptide found in the gastrointestinal tract, the hypothalamus, and the 6-cells of the pancreatic islets. Although somatostatin does not appear to have a direct effect on carbohydrate metabolism, it inhibits the release of growth hormone from the pituitary. In addition, somatostatin inhibits secretion of glucagon and insulin by the pancreas, thus modulating the reciprocal relationship between these two hormones. 

The gastrointestinal hormones are secreted into the bloodstream by cells lining the gastrointestinal tract, and are no doubt affected by the ravages of chemotherapy, which in particular attacks the cells of the gastrointestinal tract. 

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