Gas chromatography in forensic toxicology

Separation and Quantitative Determination of Hypnotics by Gas Chromatography in Forensic Toxicology Nippon Hoigaku Zasshi 22(6) 577-617 (1968) CA 72 29880j... 

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc/ms GC-MS), 4 616 6 381, 431 archaeological materials, 5 743 use in forensic toxicology, 12 91 Gas-controlled heat pipe, 73 234—235 Gas cracking furnaces, additives to, 10 609-610 Gas diffusion... 

A Comparison of Enzyme Immunoassay and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry in Forensic Toxicology J. Forensic Sci. 25(2) 314-319 (1980) CA 93 20145z... 

The combination of gas chromatography and electron ionization mass spectrometry will continue to be an important analytical tool for identification and quantification of drugs and toxins in most forensic toxicology laboratories. However, the use of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry is certain to increase, and is likely to become the most widely used method for identification and quantification of drugs and other toxins in forensic toxicology samples. Many variations of liquid... 

Maurer HH. 2002. Role of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with negative ion chemical ionization in clinical and forensic toxicology, doping control, and biomonitoring. Ther Drug Monit 24 247. 

The application of gas chromatography (GC) to steroid analysis seems to have many difficulties due to then-insufficient volatility and thermolability. The development of high-resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) and various derivatization procedures enables the efficient separation of complex steroid mixtures for application in clinical, forensic toxicology, and natural products analysis. The development of low-cost MS detectors, in recent years, has also promoted the application of GC-MS systems for the analysis of the complex mixtures. 

The technique of static headspace gas chromatography has great acceptance in the forensic field, especially for the determination of ethanol in biological samples (Macchia et al., 1995 Tagliaro et al., 1992), so most forensic laboratories in the world have this equipment and perform this analysis on a routine basis, but in many of these laboratories, equipment is exclusively employed to determine ethanol, even when this technique can be used to determine many other substances of toxicological interest, volatile substances, without major changes to the equipment (Seto, 1994), thus we can conclude that these laboratories do not exploit all the possibilities of the technique. 

In the next sections, the mean applications of static headspace gas chromatography will be described, with an emphasis in methods that could be performed without extensive modification of the equipment commonly present in the forensic toxicology laboratories, in any case, analytical considerations will be discussed, from sampling, materials and reactants needed, analysis, to interpretation of results, method validation and the importance of these test in the legal media, will be reviewed. 

The Enzymic-Immunologic Method in Clinical and Forensic Toxicology. Comparative Analysis in Diphenyl-hydantoin Assays Carried Out with EMIT [Enzyme-Multiplied Immunoassay Technique] and Gas Chromatography... 

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