Steroids analysis

S. Gitritg, ed.. Steroid Analysis in the Pharmaceutical Industy, Ellis Horwood, Chichester, U.K., 1989. 

The field of steroid analysis includes identification of steroids in biological samples, analysis of pharmaceutical formulations, and elucidation of steroid stmctures. Many different analytical methods, such as ultraviolet (uv) spectroscopy, infrared (ir) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy, x-ray crystallography, and mass spectroscopy, are used for steroid analysis. The constant development of these analytical techniques has stimulated the advancement of steroid analysis. 

Steroid Analysis by HPLC Recent Applications, edited by Marie P. Kautsky... 

Heftmann, E., Ed., Modem Methods of Steroid Analysis, New York, Academic Press, 1973. 

A prevailing problem with neuroactive steroid analysis by HPLC is the lack of sufficient chromaphores or fluorophores within their chemical structures to allow suitable spectrophotometric end-point detection such as with UV/VIS or fluorescence with adequate sensitivity. The multitude of structural isomers of the metabolites also decreases the applicability of RP-HPLC since the chromatographic profiles become very complex with co-eluting peaks. Due to these inherent problems, it is often necessary to derivatize this group of compounds prior to chromatographic separation and suitable end-point detection to allow their direct determination at physiological concentrations. 

Chatman K, Hollenbeck T, Hagey L, Vallee M, Purdy RH, et al. 1999. Nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry and precursor ion monitoring for quantitative steroid analysis and attomole sensitivity. Anal Chem 71 2358-2363. 

A. W. Burgstahler, R. C. Barkhurst, J. K. Gawronski in Modern Methods of Steroid Analysis, E. Heftmann, Ed., Chapter 16, Academic, New York 1973. 

In contrast to GC-MS analysis, derivatization is not a prerequisite for steroid analysis by HPLC, but can allow for improvement in sensitivity. 

Table 5.3.8 Diagnosis of apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndrome (AME) by urine steroid analysis...

Shackleton CH, Irias J, McDonald C, Imperato-McGinley J (1986) Late-onset 21-hydroxy-lase deficiency reliable diagnosis by steroid analysis of random urine collections. Steroids 48 239-250... 

R Vanhaelen-Fastre, M Vanhaelen. Separation and determination of the D vitamins by HPLC. In MP Kautsky, ed. Steroid Analysis by HPLC. Recent Applications. New York Marcel Dekker, 1981, pp 173-251. 

S. Gorog, Steroid analysis in pharmaceutical industry, Trends Anal. Chem., 3 157-161 (1984). 

A third proposal for standardization of steroid analysis has been published. Once again, the procedure requires the use of silica but with aqueous mobile phases containing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a mobile-phase additive [327]. 

D. Helton, M. Ready, and D. Sacks, Advantages of a common column and common mobile phase system for steroid analysis by normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography by W. F. Beyer—comments received, Pharmacopeia/Forum, 2794 (1983). 

Steroids hormones in clinical chemistry Comparison of RIA, GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/ MS in steroid analysis role of LC-MS/MS in metabolomics, e.g., quantitative bioanalysis, identifying and profiling biomarkers standardization of MS assavs. [14]... 

Steroids hormones in clinical chemistry Steroid analysis by LC-MS/MS in pediatrics— challenges in method specificity, sensitivity, and test results interpretation steroid assays and profiling in plasma, saliva, and urine by LC-MS/MS. [9]... 

Customarily, frozen serum stored at — 70°C or below is used for internal quality control of serum steroid analysis. However, for international reference preparations it becomes very difficult to transport the material in the frozen state, due to the postal and customs delays. 

Crob, K., and Grob, G. (1969a). Splitless injection on capillary columns, part I the basic technique. Steroid analysis as an example. /. Chromatogr. Sci. 7, 584. 

A. Gergely, Gy. Szasz, in Advances in Steroid Analysis, S. Gorog (ed) Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1982, 527. 

---