Gas chemistry

Goodfellow EFSOP uses online off-gas chemistry measurements from industrial combustion prixesses for closed-loop control for pnxess optimization. 

J. H. Holloway, Noble-gas Chemistry, Methuen, London, 1968, 213 pp. See also Chem. in Britain, July 1987, pp. 658-64. 

Xe is comparable to, that of molecular oxygen (1175kJmol for O2 -> 02 + e )- He quickly proceeded to show that deep-red PtFe vapour spontaneously oxidized Xe to produce an orange-yellow solid and announced this in a brief note/ Within a few months Xep4 and Xep2 had been synthesized in other laboratories/ Noble-gas chemistry had begun. 

Whilst the great bulk of noble-gas chemistry concerns Xe-F or Xe-O bonds, attempts to bond Xe to certain other atoms have also been successful. Compounds containing Xe-N bonds have been produced by the replacement of F... 

Until about 40 years ago, these elements were referred to as "inert gases" they were believed to be entirely unreactive toward other substances. In 1962 Neil Bartlett, a 29-year-old chemist at the University of British Columbia, shook up the world of chemistry by preparing the first noble-gas compound. In the course of his research on platinum-fluorine compounds, he isolated a reddish solid that he showed to be 02+(PtFB-). Bartlett realized that the ionization energy of Xe (1170 kJ/mol) is virtually identical to that of the 02 molecule (1165 kJ/mol). This encouraged him to attempt to make the analogous compound XePtF6. His success opened up a new era in noble-gas chemistry. 

Important to recognize limitations of this concept [Lewis octet] in relation with the noble gas chemistry. ... 

The etch rates were measured by a surface profiler and field emission scatming electron microscopy (FESEM), and the etch profile were observed by FESEM. In this study, a C /Ar gas chemistry was chosen to obtain high etch selectivity of Si film to niobium oxide mask since CI2 gas was known to be a good etch gas for Si films. The etch rate, etch selectivity and etch profile of niobium oxide nanopillars and Si films were explored by varying the CI2 concentration, coil RF power and dc bias voltage to substrate. 

At first, noble gas chemistry had almost no practical applications. Recently, however, lasers have been developed that are based on the chemical reactions of noble gases. 

Qing Miao, Guoxing Xiong, J.Natural Gas Chemistry (submit)... 

Holmen, A., Olsvik, O., and Rockstad, O., Pyrolysis of natural gas Chemistry and process concepts, Fuel Proces. Technol., 42,249, 1995. 

The difference in the ionization potentials of xenon and krypton (1170 versus 1351 kj/mol) indicates that krypton should be the less the reactive of the two. Some indication of the difference can be seen from the bond energies, which are 133 kj/mol for the Xe-F bond but only 50 kj/mol for the Kr-F bond. As a result, XeF2 is considerably more stable of the difluorides, and KrF2 is much more reactive. Krypton difluoride has been prepared from the elements, but only at low temperature using electric discharge. When irradiated with ultraviolet light, a mixture of liquid krypton and fluorine reacts to produce KF2. As expected, radon difluoride can be obtained, but because all isotopes of radon undergo rapid decay, there is not much interest in the compound. In this survey of noble gas chemistry, the... 

Holloway, J. H. (1968). Noble-Gas Chemistry. Methuen, London. A thorough discussion of some of the early work on noble gas chemistry. A good introductory reference. 

Information given by F. A. Kirk, Synetix, Billingham UK, on the occasion of the DGMK-Conference Synthesis Gas Chemistry , Sep. 27-29,2000 at Dresden (Germany), Proceedings, p. 131. 

Recent Advances in Noble-Gas Chemistry John H. Holloway and Eric G. Hope... 

The fundamental issues to be addressed in the process modeling include spray enthalpy, gas consumption, spray mass distribution, microstructure of solidified droplets, and droplet-substrate interactions. The effects of atomization gas chemistry, alloy composition and operation conditions on the resultant droplet properties are also to be investigated in the process modeling. 

For convenience, the even rarer and less stable krypton compounds are also covered in this entry. All xenon compounds are very strong oxidants and many are also explosively unstable. For a now obsolete review, see [1]. A recent compact review of noble gas chemistry is found in [2], A series of alkali xenates, MH0Xe03.1.5H20 are unstable explosive solids. The equivalent fluoroxenates MFXe03are far more stable. Individually indexed compounds are ... 

In this chapter, the fundamentals of aqueous gas chemistry are described, such as the factors that determine gas solubility and the rate of gas exchange across the air-sea interface. This background information is important to understanding the biogeochem-ical processes discussed through the rest of the text, because many involve gaseous species. 

Atmospheric trace gas chemistry is a new rapidly growing field of paleo-atmospheric research, because the radiative properties of CO2, CH4, and N2O make them potential indicators of climate change. A fundamental problem in constructing a record of trace gas concentrations from ice-cores is the fact that the air in bubbles is always younger than the age of the surrounding ice. This is because as snow is buried by later snowfalls and slowly becomes transformed to fim and ice, the air between the snow crystals remains in contact with the atmosphere until the air bubbles become sealed at the fim/ice transition, when density increases to about 0.83gcm. The trapped air is thus younger than the matrix, with the age difference... 

Kharisov RYa, Petukhova NI, DavletovaAR, Ishmuratova NM, Zorin W, Ish-muratova G Yu, Tolstikov GA, Chemistry of Natural Products 36(2) 210—212, 2000. 

Q. Zhang, D. He, Q. Zhu, Recent Progress in Direct Partial Oxidation of Methane to Methanol, 12, Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry, 81-89, (2003). 

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