Galactosyl sulfate

Arylsuifatase A (EC 3.1.6.8). Accumulation of galactosyl sulfate ceramide and lactosyl sulfate ceramide in kidneys and gall bladder, and galactosyl sulfate ceramide alone in brain white matter and peripheral nerve sheaths. Cerebral degeneration and motor disturbances. Death 5-10 years after onset, or at 3-7 years of age (infantile form). 

Further investigations led the same group to increase the degree of sulfation on galactosylated dendrimers, based on the hypothesis that glycosphingolipid SGalCer... 

For GLS, the headgroup is a galactosyl-3-sulfate-P-D-l— 6-mannosyl-a-D-l— 2-glucosyl moiety. Adapted from refs. [25,26],... 

Keratan sulfate consists of a (l—>3)-0-/3-D-galactopyranosyl-(l— 4)-0-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-/3-D-glucopyranosy 1 repeating-unit containing 40% of galactosyl residues and >70% of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucosyl residues esterified at C-6 by sulfate. 

Sulfatides Sulfoglycosphingolipids (sulfatides) are cerebrosides that contain sulfated galactosyl residues, and are therefore negatively charged at physiologic pH. Sulfatides are found predominantly in nerve tissue and kidney. 

Glycolipids are important constituents of the plasma membranes, of the endoplasmic reticulum, and of chloroplasts. The cerebrosides and their sulfate esters, the sulfatides, are especially abundant in myelin. In plant membranes, the predominant lipids are the galactosyl diglycerides.29 74 The previously described ether phospholipids (archaebacteria), ceramide arnino-ethylphosphonate (invertebrates), and sulfolipid (chloroplasts) are also important membrane components. 

The repeating disaccharide unit of the main chain of chondroitin sulfate is 50, with O-sulfo groups on the 4- or 6-hydroxyl groups of most 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactosyl residues. Fractions can be prepared... 

In sulfation, substitution of polymeric chondroitin and chondroitin sulfates A and C by a hen-oviduct preparation has been described. The sulfate donor is adenylyl sulfate 3 -phosphate and a non-sulfated 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactosyl residue positioned internally in the polymer chain can be substituted.230 Evidence has been presented for another activity (from quail oviduct) that sulfates carbon atom 6 of a 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactosyl 4-C-sulfate group at the nonreducing end of the chain, giving the 4,6-di-C-sulfate.231... 

A partial synthesis of cerebroside sulfate [ sulfatide, the glycoside of ceramide with galactose 3-sulfate, (90)] was achieved [90] by acylating the sphingosine galactosyl 3-sulfate (89) (obtained by basic hydrolysis of natural sulfatide) with palmitoyl chloride or D-2-acetoxypalmitoyl chloride (and subsequent basic hydrolysis of the... 

Agarans are typically low in sulfate ester substitution, but those from numerous sources are rich in methyl ether or pyruvate acetal substitution in addition, glycosyl substitution (galactosyl, 4-O-methyl-L-galactosyl and/or xylo-... 

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