GAD glutamate decarboxylase

Okada Y (1982) Fine localization of GABA (y-Aminobutyric Acid) and GAD (Glutamate Decarboxylase) in a Single Deiters Neuron — Significance of the Uneven Distribution of GABA and GAD in the CNS, in Problems m GABA Research from Brain to Bacteria (Okada Y and Roberts E, eds ), pp 30-54, Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam. 

Fig. 45. GABAergic neurone synapse. GAD, glutamic acid decarboxylase M, mito-chodria G, GABA. 

CREM CRE-modulatory protein GAD glutamic acid decarboxylase... 

Figure 6.5. Major pathway for the synthesis and degradation of GABA GABA y-aminobutyric acid GAD, glutamic acid decarboxylase GABA-T, GABA transaminase.

Fig. 19. The cell types in the adult rat cerebellum and their expression of the AMPA, NMDA and kainate receptor subunit mRNAs [circuit diagram adapted from Bahn and Wisden (1997) Cull-Candy et al. (1998)]. Excitatory terminals are open circles marked Inhibitory terminals are filled triangles marked and their cells are marked GAD (glutamic acid decarboxylase).

Fig. I. Metabolic map for synthesis and metabolism of glutamate and aspartate. AAT = aspartate aminotransferase AS = asparagine synthetase GAD = glutamic acid decarboxylase GDH = glutamate dehydrogenase GS = glutamine synthetase OAT = ornithine D-aminotransferase P5CDH = l-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogena.se PAG = phosphate-activated glutaminase PO = proline oxidase TCA = tricarboxylic acid.

Wu H, Jin Y, Buddhala C, Osterhaus G, Cohen E, Jin H, Wei J, Davis K, Obata K, Wu JY (2007) Role of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) isoform, GAD65, in GABA synthesis and transport into synaptic vesicles-Evidence from GAD65-knockout mice studies. Brain Res 1154 80-83. 

Steps in the formation of classical neurotransmitters. AADC, amino acid decarboxylase AChE, acetylcholinesterase CAT, choline acetyltransferase COMT, catechol-O-methyltransfeiase DBH, dopamine P-hydroxylase DA, dopamine DOPA, dibydroxyphenylalanine GABA-T, GABA transaminase GAD, glutamic acid decarboxylase HD, histidine decarboxylase 5-HTP, 5-hydroxytrytophan MAO, monoamine oxidase PNMT, phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase TH, tyrosine hydroxylase TPH, tryptophan hydroxylase. 

Feldblum S, Erlander MG, Tobin AJ (1993) Different distributions of GAD and GAD y mRNAs suggest that the two glutamate decarboxylases play distinctive functional roles. J. Neurosci. Res., 34, 689-706. 

Martin DL, Martin SB, Wu SJ, Espina N (1991) Regulatory properties of brain glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) The apoenzyme of GAD is present principally as the smaller of two molecular forms of GAD in brain. J. Neurosci., 11, 2725-2731. 

GABA can inhibit the secretion of glucagons by a-cells and stimulate the expression of glutamate decarboxylase(65) (GAD55). GADgj will stimulate P-cells to produce GAD. Then GAD catalyzes the decarboxylation of glutamate to synthesize GABA. This mechanism has the feedback function to inhibit the activity of GAD. ... 

Figure 12-4. Gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolic interactions. GA = glutaminase GABA = y-aminobutyric acid GABA-T = GABA a-oxaloglutarate transaminase GAD = glutamic acid decarboxylase GS = glutamic synthetase NAD+ = nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide PP = pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B6) SSA = succinic semialdehyde SSADH = succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase GHB = y-hydroxybutyric acid GBL = y-butyrolactone.

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