Fv fragments

S-Fl Jung, I Pastan, B Lee. Design of interchain disulfide bonds m the framework region of the Fv fragment of the monoclonal antibody B3. Pi otems 19 35-47, 1994. 

S. Ribrioux, G. Kleymann, W. Haase, K. Heitmann, C. Ostermeier, and H. Michel, Use of nanogold-and fluorescent-labeled antibody Fv fragments in immunocytochemistry. J. Histochem, Cytochem. 44, 207-213 (1996). 

Hunte, C., Koepke, J., Lange, C., Rossmanith, T. and Michel, H. (2000) Structure at 2.3 A resolution of the cytochrome bcj complex from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with an antibody Fv fragment, Structure, 8, 669-684. 

Chimeric Antibodies The first generation is the chimeric antibodies (chimeric comes from the word Chimera, a Greek mythology beast made of three animals a lion, a snake, and a goat). This type of antibody consists of both murine and human parts. The murine Fv fragments are retained and linked to the Fc fragment of human IgG. An example of the chimeric antibody is ReoPro, which prevents blood clots by binding to a receptor on platelets. 

Meininger, D. R Ranee, M. Starovasnik, M. A. Fairbrother, W. J. Skelton, N. J. Characterization of the Binding Interface between the F-Domain of Staphylococcal Protein A and an Antibody Fv-Fragment. Biochemistry 2000, 39, 26-36. 

Fischer, R., Schumann, D., Zinunermann, S., Drossard, J., Sack, M., and Schillberg, S. (1999). Expression and characterization of bispecific single-chain Fv fragments produced in transgenic plants. Ear. J. Biochem. 262 810-816. 

To further reduce the immunogenicity of a chimeric antibody, researchers designed humanized antibodies that replace all mouse amino acid sequences except the hypervariable CDR domains of Ig that represent only a small fraction of the Fv fragment. Some humanized antibodies are now approved for clinical use and many more are being tested for an array of therapeutic indications (Tables 10.4 and 10.5). 

Skerra, A and Pluckthun, A. (1988) Assembly of a functional immunoglobulin Fv fragment in Escherichia coli Science 240, 1038-1041. 

Fv fragments that are noncovalently associated heterodimers of the heavy variable (VH) and light variable (VL) domains... 

Single-chain Fv fragments (scFv) consisting of VH and VL regions linked by a flexible peptide... 

Several systems exist for the expression and cloning of antibodies, as either Fab fragments (Fabs) or single-chain Fv fragments (scFvs) on the surface of... 

Kipryanov, S. M, Little, M, Kropshofer, H., Breitling, F., Gotter, S., and Diibel, S. (1996) Affinity enhancement of a recombinant antibody, formation of complexes with multiple valency by a single-chain Fv fragment-core Streptavidin fusion. Protein Eng 9,203—211... 

Schmidt, T G. M. and Skerra, A. (1993) The random peptide library-assisted engineering of a C-terminal affinity peptide, useful for the detection and purification of a functional Ig Fv fragment. Protein Eng 6, 109—122. 

Skerra, A., Pfitzinger, I, and Pluckthun, A. (1991) The functional expression of antibody Fv fragments in Escherichia coli-improved vectors and a generally applicable purification technique. Biotechnology 9, 273—278... 

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