Fusion partial

Carter, J. L. (1970) Mineralogy and chemistry of the Earth s upper mantle based on the partial fusion-partial crystallization model. Geol. Soc. Amer., Bull. 81,2021-34. 

The properties of the solids most commonly encountered are tabulated. An important problem arises for petroleum fractions because data for the freezing point and enthalpy of fusion are very scarce. The MEK (methyl ethyl ketone) process utilizes the solvent s property that increases the partial fugacity of the paraffins in the liquid phase and thus favors their crystallization. The calculations for crystallization are sensitive and it is usually necessary to revert to experimental measurement. 

PVC Fusion (Gelation). The PVC piimaiy particle flow units (biUion molecule bundles) can partially melt, freeing some molecules of PVC... 

Fig. 7. Model for PVC fusion, accounting for molecular weight effects and processing temperature effects (a) unfused PVC primary particles (b) partially melted PVC primary particles (c) partially melted then recrysta11i2ed high molecular weight PVC, showing strong three-dimensional stmcture and (d) partially melted then recrysta11i2ed low molecular weight PVC, showing weak three-dimensional stmcture.

The two most commonly applied systems for naming polycyclic parents are in some ways complementary. Fusion nomenclature provides names for structures containing the maximum number of non-cumulative double bonds von Baeyer nomenclature (Section 1.02.3.4) names fully saturated structures. Thus names for partially hydrogenated structures can be arrived at either by adding hydro prefixes to fusion names or ene , diene , etc. suffixes to von Baeyer names (see examples 29 and 30). If needed, rules are available for... 

Systematic names of the Hantzsch-Widman type, as well as fusion names, imply unsaturation to the extent of the maximum number of noncumulative double bonds. Suitable suffixes (Table 3) serve to identify the fully saturated derivatives. Partially unsaturated rings may be designated by hydro prefixes with locants and an even-numbered multiplier, such as 2,3-dihydro , applied to a fully unsaturated name, or by dehydro prefixes applied to the saturated name, e.g. (116). 

Other factors which can affect impact behaviour are fabrication defects such as internal voids, inclusions and additives such as pigments, all of which can cause stress concentrations within the material. In addition, internal welds caused by the fusion of partially cooled melt fronts usually turn out to be areas of weakness. The environment may also affect impact behaviour. Plastics exposed to sunlight and weathering for prolonged periods tend to become embrittled due to degradation. Alternatively if the plastic is in the vicinity of a fluid which attacks it, then the crack initiation energy may be reduced. Some plastics are affected by very simple fluids e.g. domestic heating oils act as plasticisers for polyethylene. The effect which water can have on the impact behaviour of nylon is also spectacular as illustrated in Fig. 2.80. 

On boiling the methiodide with 70% sulfuric acid an N-methyl-oxo derivative was obtained, and this in turn gave 3-amino-2-phenyl-quinoline, methylamine, and ammonia on fusion with soda lime. The bulk of the evidence therefore favors quaternization at N-2 (cf, 154), in which case the acid-hydrolysis product is 155. Quaternization at N-2 would be expected because of the steric influence of the 10-phenyl group and the influence of the 4-amino group (cf. 4-hydroxy-pyridazine ) in the pyridazine-type ring, although the partial double-bond character of that ring is probably different from that in pyridazine itself. 

Substances which are insoluble or only partially soluble in acids are brought into solution by fusion with the appropriate reagent. The most commonly used fusion reagents, or fluxes as they are called, are anhydrous sodium carbonate, either alone or, less frequently, mixed with potassium nitrate or sodium peroxide potassium pyrosulphate, or sodium pyrosulphate sodium peroxide sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. Anhydrous lithium metaborate has found favour as a flux, especially for materials containing silica 12 when the resulting fused mass is dissolved in dilute acids, no separation of silica takes place as it does when a sodium carbonate melt is similarly treated. Other advantages claimed for lithium metaborate are the following. 

Note 2. Literature fusion names for this type of compound use glucopyrano[2,l-partially hydrogenated heterocycles ending in... 

Surgical procedures (e.g., osteotomy, partial or total arthroplasty, joint fusion) are indicated for patients with functional disability and/or severe pain unresponsive to conservative therapy. 

Thus, derivatives of structure 84 were treated with iV-methylmaleinide to give the cycloadducts 85 in high yields. In accordance with the concerted nature of this process, the pyrazoles and pyrrolidine-dione had a rxr-fusion. Similar cycloaddition was also experienced with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) to afford 86 containing the partially unsaturated pyrazole ring. 

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